Capacitor typesCapacitors are manufactured in many styles, forms, dimensions, and from a large variety of materials. They all contain at least two electrical conductors, called plates, separated by an insulating layer (dielectric). Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many common electrical devices. Capacitors, together with resistors and inductors, belong to the group of passive components in electronic equipment.
Metamaterial absorberA metamaterial absorber is a type of metamaterial intended to efficiently absorb electromagnetic radiation such as light. Furthermore, metamaterials are an advance in materials science. Hence, those metamaterials that are designed to be absorbers offer benefits over conventional absorbers such as further miniaturization, wider adaptability, and increased effectiveness. Intended applications for the metamaterial absorber include emitters, photodetectors, sensors, spatial light modulators, infrared camouflage, wireless communication, and use in solar photovoltaics and thermophotovoltaics.
DipoleIn physics, a dipole () is an electromagnetic phenomenon which occurs in two ways: An electric dipole deals with the separation of the positive and negative electric charges found in any electromagnetic system. A simple example of this system is a pair of charges of equal magnitude but opposite sign separated by some typically small distance. (A permanent electric dipole is called an electret.) A magnetic dipole is the closed circulation of an electric current system. A simple example is a single loop of wire with constant current through it.
Asymmetric inductionAsymmetric induction (also enantioinduction) describes the preferential formation in a chemical reaction of one enantiomer or diastereoisomer over the other as a result of the influence of a chiral feature present in the substrate, reagent, catalyst or environment. Asymmetric induction is a key element in asymmetric synthesis. Asymmetric induction was introduced by Hermann Emil Fischer based on his work on carbohydrates. Several types of induction exist.
Développement multipolaireEn Physique, le développement multipolaire correspond au développement en série d'un potentiel scalaire, comme le potentiel électrique ou gravitationnel, utilisant de manière habituelle des puissances (ou des puissances inverses) de la distance à l'origine, ainsi que de la dépendance angulaire, et dont les coefficients sont appelés moments multipolaire. En principe, un développement multipolaire procure une description exacte du potentiel et converge généralement sous deux conditions, si les sources (i.e.
Polynôme symétriqueEn mathématiques, un polynôme symétrique est un polynôme en plusieurs indéterminées, invariant par permutation de ses indéterminées. Ils jouent notamment un rôle dans les relations entre coefficients et racines. Soit A un anneau commutatif unitaire. Un polynôme Q(T, ..., T) en n indéterminées à coefficients dans A est dit symétrique si pour toute permutation s de l'ensemble d'indices {1, ..., n}, l'égalité suivante est vérifiée : Exemples Pour n = 1, tout polynôme est symétrique.
GraphèneLe graphène est un matériau bidimensionnel cristallin, forme allotropique du carbone dont l'empilement constitue le graphite. Cette définition théorique est donnée par le physicien en 1947. Par la suite, le travail de différents groupes de recherche permettra de se rendre compte que la structure du graphène tout comme ses propriétés ne sont pas uniques et dépendent de sa synthèse/extraction (détaillée dans la section Production).
Plant propagationPlant propagation is the process by which new plants grow from a various sources, including seeds, cuttings, and other plant parts. Plant propagation can also refer to the man-made or natural dispersal of seeds. Propagation typically occurs as a step in the overall cycle of plant growth. For seeds, it happens after ripening and dispersal; for vegetative parts, it happens after detachment or pruning; for asexually-reproducing plants, such as strawberry, it happens as the new plant develops from existing parts.
