Protéine d'adhésion cellulaireLes protéines d'adhésion cellulaire (ou CAM, acronyme de l'anglais cell adhesion molecule, signifiant « molécule d'adhésion cellulaire ») sont des protéines intervenant dans les mécanismes de liaison cellulaire. Elles font partie de la superfamille des immunoglobulines. Elles possèdent un domaine cytosolique (intracellulaire), un domaine transmembranaire et un domaine extracellulaire constitué de domaine C2 (constant) répétitifs reliés entre eux par des ponts disulfures.
Epigenetics in learning and memoryWhile the cellular and molecular mechanisms of learning and memory have long been a central focus of neuroscience, it is only in recent years that attention has turned to the epigenetic mechanisms behind the dynamic changes in gene transcription responsible for memory formation and maintenance. Epigenetic gene regulation often involves the physical marking (chemical modification) of DNA or associated proteins to cause or allow long-lasting changes in gene activity.
Steroid 11β-hydroxylaseSteroid 11β-hydroxylase, also known as steroid 11β-monooxygenase, is a steroid hydroxylase found in the zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex. Named officially the cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial, it is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYP11B1 gene. The enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of adrenal corticosteroids by catalyzing the addition of hydroxyl groups during oxidation reactions. The CYP11B1 gene encodes 11β-hydroxylase - a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes.
Allostatic loadAllostatic load is "the wear and tear on the body" which accumulates as an individual is exposed to repeated or chronic stress. The term was coined by Bruce McEwen and Eliot Stellar in 1993. It represents the physiological consequences of chronic exposure to fluctuating or heightened neural or neuroendocrine response which results from repeated or prolonged chronic stress. The term allostatic load is "the wear and tear on the body" which accumulates as an individual is exposed to repeated or chronic stress.
Gyrus frontal supérieurLe gyrus frontal supérieur F est un gyrus du lobe frontal du cortex cérébral, situé sur la convexité hémisphérique et limité en bas par le sillon frontal supérieur. Ce gyrus comporte deux segments : un segment supérieur ou dorsal qui longe le bord supérieur de l'hémisphère, limité en dedans par le sillon cingulaire et en dehors par le sillon frontal supérieur. Il est donc à cheval sur le bord de l'hémisphère, avec une partie sur la face interne et une autre sur la face externe.
Systematic desensitizationSystematic desensitization, or graduated exposure therapy, is a behavior therapy developed by the psychiatrist Joseph Wolpe. It is used when a phobia or anxiety disorder is maintained by classical conditioning. It shares the same elements of both cognitive-behavioral therapy and applied behavior analysis. When used in applied behavior analysis, it is based on radical behaviorism as it incorporates counterconditioning principles. These include meditation (a private behavior or covert conditioning) and breathing (a public behavior or overt conditioning).
Cognitive testCognitive tests are assessments of the cognitive capabilities of humans and other animals. Tests administered to humans include various forms of IQ tests; those administered to animals include the mirror test (a test of visual self-awareness) and the T maze test (which tests learning ability). Such testing is used in psychology and psychometrics, as well as other fields studying human and animal intelligence. Modern cognitive tests originated through the work of James McKeen Cattell who coined the term "mental tests".
