Système de fichiersLe terme système de fichiers (abrégé « FS » pour File System, parfois filesystem en anglais) désigne de façon ambigüe : soit l'organisation hiérarchique des fichiers au sein d'un système d'exploitation (on parle par exemple du file system d'une machine unix organisé à partir de sa racine (/) ) soit l'organisation des fichiers au sein d'un volume physique ou logique, qui peut être de différents types (par exemple NTFS, , FAT32, ext2fs, ext3fs, ext4fs, zfs, btrfs, etc.
Clustered file systemA clustered file system is a which is shared by being simultaneously mounted on multiple servers. There are several approaches to clustering, most of which do not employ a clustered file system (only direct attached storage for each node). Clustered file systems can provide features like location-independent addressing and redundancy which improve reliability or reduce the complexity of the other parts of the cluster. Parallel file systems are a type of clustered file system that spread data across multiple storage nodes, usually for redundancy or performance.
Files-11Files-11 is the used in the RSX-11 and OpenVMS operating systems from Digital Equipment Corporation. It supports record-oriented I/O, remote network access, and . The original ODS-1 layer is a ; the ODS-2 version is a , with support for access control lists,. Files-11 is similar to, but significantly more advanced than, the file systems used in previous Digital Equipment Corporation operating systems such as TOPS-20 and RSTS/E. The native OpenVMS file system is descended from older DEC operating systems and is similar in many ways, both having been designed by Dave Cutler.
RAW (format d'image)thumb|Fonctionnement de la matrice de Bayer. Raw est la désignation générique d'un type de fichier d' issues d’appareils photo numériques ou de scanners. Un fichier Raw contient les données brutes du capteur et les paramètres nécessaires à la transformation en fichier image visible sur écran. Le fichier est plus volumineux que celui au format JPEG, servant le plus souvent à la communication des images, mais il n'a pas subi de transformations irréversibles, ce qui permet de retravailler sans dommage.
Digital image processingDigital image processing is the use of a digital computer to process s through an algorithm. As a subcategory or field of digital signal processing, digital image processing has many advantages over . It allows a much wider range of algorithms to be applied to the input data and can avoid problems such as the build-up of noise and distortion during processing. Since images are defined over two dimensions (perhaps more) digital image processing may be modeled in the form of multidimensional systems.
BitmapIn computing, a bitmap is a mapping from some domain (for example, a range of integers) to bits. It is also called a bit array or bitmap index. As a noun, the term "bitmap" is very often used to refer to a particular bitmapping application: the pix-map, which refers to a map of pixels, where each one may store more than two colors, thus using more than one bit per pixel. In such a case, the domain in question is the array of pixels which constitute a digital graphic output device (a screen or monitor).
Image resolutionImage resolution is the level of detail an holds. The term applies to digital images, film images, and other types of images. "Higher resolution" means more image detail. Image resolution can be measured in various ways. Resolution quantifies how close lines can be to each other and still be visibly resolved. Resolution units can be tied to physical sizes (e.g. lines per mm, lines per inch), to the overall size of a picture (lines per picture height, also known simply as lines, TV lines, or TVL), or to angular subtense.
Portable Network GraphicsLe Portable Network Graphics (PNG, prononcé « ping ») est un format ouvert d’, . Le PNG est un format sans perte spécialement adapté pour publier des images simples comprenant des aplats de couleurs. Il a été normalisé par l’ISO (ISO/CEI 15948:2004). PNG est une spécification pour Internet et l’objet d’une Recommandation W3C et d’une RFC. Il a été créé pour contourner la licence existante sur le format GIF, le plus en vogue à la fin des années 1990, Unisys, propriétaire de deux brevets sur des algorithmes utilisés par la compression sous GIF ayant réclamé des royalties.
Retouche numériqueImage editing encompasses the processes of altering s, whether they are digital photographs, traditional photo-chemical photographs, or illustrations. Traditional analog image editing is known as photo retouching, using tools such as an airbrush to modify photographs or editing illustrations with any traditional art medium. Graphic software programs, which can be broadly grouped into vector graphics editors, raster graphics editors, and 3D modelers, are the primary tools with which a user may manipulate, enhance, and transform images.
Nœud d'indexthumb|Logo inode (nœud d'index). Un nœud d'index ou inode (contraction de l'anglais index et node) est une structure de données contenant des informations à propos d'un fichier ou répertoire stocké dans certains systèmes de fichiers (notamment de type Linux/Unix). À chaque fichier correspond un numéro d'inode (i-number) dans le système de fichiers dans lequel il réside, unique au périphérique sur lequel il est situé. Chaque fichier a un seul inode, même s'il peut avoir plusieurs noms (chacun de ceux-ci fait référence au même inode).
