Ontology learningOntology learning (ontology extraction, ontology generation, or ontology acquisition) is the automatic or semi-automatic creation of ontologies, including extracting the corresponding domain's terms and the relationships between the concepts that these terms represent from a corpus of natural language text, and encoding them with an ontology language for easy retrieval. As building ontologies manually is extremely labor-intensive and time-consuming, there is great motivation to automate the process.
Non-functional requirementIn systems engineering and requirements engineering, a non-functional requirement (NFR) is a requirement that specifies criteria that can be used to judge the operation of a system, rather than specific behaviours. They are contrasted with functional requirements that define specific behavior or functions. The plan for implementing functional requirements is detailed in the system design. The plan for implementing non-functional requirements is detailed in the system architecture, because they are usually architecturally significant requirements.
Continuous simulationContinuous Simulation refers to simulation approaches where a system is modeled with the help of variables that change continuously according to a set of differential equations. It is notable as one of the first uses ever put to computers, dating back to the Eniac in 1946. Continuous simulation allows prediction of rocket trajectories hydrogen bomb dynamics (N.B. this is the first use ever put to the Eniac) electric circuit simulation robotics Established in 1952, the Society for Modeling and Simulation International (SCS) is a nonprofit, volunteer-driven corporation dedicated to advancing the use of modeling & simulation to solve real-world problems.
Réseau sémantiqueUn réseau sémantique est un graphe marqué destiné à la représentation des connaissances, qui représente des relations sémantiques entre concepts. Le graphe est orienté ou non orienté. Ses sommets représentent les concepts, et les liens entre les sommets (nœuds) représentent les relations sémantiques, reliant les champs lexicaux. Un réseau sémantique peut être instancié, par exemple,dans une base de données orientée graphes ou un schéma conceptuel. Les réseaux sémantiques normalisés sont exprimés sous forme de triplets RDF.
Knowledge-based systemsA knowledge-based system (KBS) is a computer program that reasons and uses a knowledge base to solve complex problems. The term is broad and refers to many different kinds of systems. The one common theme that unites all knowledge based systems is an attempt to represent knowledge explicitly and a reasoning system that allows it to derive new knowledge. Thus, a knowledge-based system has two distinguishing features: a knowledge base and an inference engine.
Business requirementsBusiness requirements, also known as stakeholder requirements specifications (StRS), describe the characteristics of a proposed system from the viewpoint of the system's end user like a CONOPS. Products, systems, software, and processes are ways of how to deliver, satisfy, or meet business requirements. Consequently, business requirements are often discussed in the context of developing or procuring software or other systems. Three main reasons for such discussions: A common practice is to refer to objectives, or expected benefits, as 'business requirements.
Simulation à événements discretsLa simulation à évènements discrets est une technique utilisée dans le cadre de l’étude de la dynamique des systèmes. Elle consiste en une modélisation informatique où le changement de l'état d'un système, au cours du temps, est une suite d'évènements discrets. Chaque évènement arrive à un instant donné et modifie l'état du système. De nos jours, cette technique est couramment utilisée tant par les industries et les entreprises de services afin de concevoir, optimiser et valider leurs organisations que par les centres de recherche dans l’optique d’étudier les systèmes complexes non linéaires.
Designvignette|Chaise de Charles Rennie Mackintosh, 1897. Le design, le stylisme ou la stylique est une activité de création souvent à vocation industrielle ou commerciale, pouvant s’orienter vers les milieux sociaux, politiques, scientifiques et environnementaux. Le but premier du design est d’inventer, d’améliorer ou de faciliter l’usage ou le processus d’un élément ayant à interagir avec un produit ou un service matériel ou virtuel.
Requirements engineeringRequirements engineering (RE) is the process of defining, documenting, and maintaining requirements in the engineering design process. It is a common role in systems engineering and software engineering. The first use of the term requirements engineering was probably in 1964 in the conference paper "Maintenance, Maintainability, and System Requirements Engineering", but it did not come into general use until the late 1990s with the publication of an IEEE Computer Society tutorial in March 1997 and the establishment of a conference series on requirements engineering that has evolved into the International Requirements Engineering Conference.
Graphe de connaissancesDans le domaine de la représentation des connaissances, un graphe de connaissances (knowledge graph en anglais) est une base de connaissance modélisant les données sous forme de représentation graphique. Depuis le développement du web sémantique, les graphes de connaissances sont souvent associés aux projets de données ouvertes du web des données, visant surtout à connecter les concepts et entités. Ils sont fortement liés aux et utilisés par les moteurs de recherches, dont certains, tels Google, ont développé leur propre graphe de connaissances.
