Complementary Metasurfaces for Guiding Electromagnetic Wave

Metasurfaces can be employed for designing waveguides that confine the electromagnetic energy while they are open structures. In this communication, we introduce a new type of such waveguides, formed by two penetrable metasurfaces having complementary isotropic surface impedances. We theoretically study the guided modes supported by the proposed structure and discuss the corresponding dispersion properties. We show the results for different scenarios in which the surface impedances possess nonresonant or resonant characteristics, and the distance between the two metasurfaces changes from large values to the extreme limit of zero. We also derive and describe the general condition for existence of two modes with orthogonal polarizations having the same phase velocity. In the particular case in which the metasurfaces are complementary and the distance between them is not small, we indicate that such phenomenon occurs within a broad frequency range. This property can be promising for applications in leaky-wave antennas and field focusing.