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This lecture explores a novel approach to modulate gut microbiota by delivering vitamins directly to the colon, aiming to enhance beneficial microbes, stimulate short-chain fatty acid production, and increase microbial diversity. The presentation covers the importance of vitamins for gut microbes, altered microbial vitamin production in health conditions like Crohn's disease and type-2 diabetes, and safety aspects related to colon-targeted vitamin delivery. Studies suggest that vitamins such as B2, B3, B5, B6, C, and folic acid can positively impact the gut microbiome. The potential of colon-delivered vitamins to maintain a healthy intestinal physiology is highlighted, encouraging further research and applications to evaluate their impact on microbiome-associated health conditions.