Thermodynamics: Entropy and State Functions

This lecture covers the concepts of entropy, state functions, and the second law of thermodynamics. It explains how entropy is a state function composed of internal and external changes, and how the second law dictates the overall increase in entropy. The lecture also delves into reversible and irreversible processes, the Carnot cycle, and the Joule Thomson experiment to understand temperature changes in real gases. Additionally, it introduces auxiliary functions like free energy and enthalpy, and discusses the thermodynamic equation of state for ideal gases.