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This lecture covers the concepts of shape from shading, texture, and reflectance maps. It explains the Lambertian shading model, the ideal Lambertian surface, and the variational methods used to recover surface normals. The instructor discusses the challenges of secondary illumination and the ambiguity in bas-relief and convex/concave shapes. The lecture also explores the use of multiple light sources, the algebraic formulation of the Lambertian model, and the importance of discounting shadows. Additionally, it delves into specularities, mirror-like behavior, and shape recovery from specularities. The presentation concludes with the limitations and assumptions of traditional shape-from-shading methods.