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This lecture covers the material aspects and physical layer of serial communications, focusing on distributed masters, types of communications, data transfers, and transmission protocols. It explains the encoding of bits, signal formats, baud rates, and protocols like NRZI, Manchester, and FMO. The lecture also delves into the electrical levels, connectors, and protocols like RS232, emphasizing the importance of serial transmissions in microcontrollers for controlling devices. Additionally, it discusses the UART module, interrupts, and the sequencing of signals in the RS232 protocol. The lecture concludes with a detailed explanation of SPI, its applications, and the characteristics of serial transmissions in microcontrollers.