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This lecture covers the structure and function of nucleic acids, focusing on DNA and RNA. It explains the composition of nucleotides, the formation of the sugar-phosphate backbone, and the base pairing rules. The instructor discusses the differences between DNA and RNA, highlighting the role of purines, pyrimidines, and the significance of uracil in RNA. Additionally, the lecture explores the double helix structure of DNA, the antiparallel nature of DNA strands, and the hydrogen bonding between base pairs.