Organic reactions

Organic reactions are chemical reactions involving organic compounds. The basic organic chemistry reaction types are addition reactions, elimination reactions, substitution reactions, pericyclic reactions, rearrangement reactions, photochemical reactions and redox reactions. In organic synthesis, organic reactions are used in the construction of new organic molecules. The production of many man-made chemicals such as drugs, plastics, food additives, fabrics depend on organic reactions. The oldest organic reactions are combustion of organic fuels and saponification of fats to make soap. Modern organic chemistry starts with the Wöhler synthesis in 1828. In the history of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry awards have been given for the invention of specific organic reactions such as the Grignard reaction in 1912, the Diels–Alder reaction in 1950, the Wittig reaction in 1979 and olefin metathesis in 2005. Organic chemistry has a strong tradition of naming a specific reaction to its inventor or inventors and a long list of so-called named reactions exists, conservatively estimated at 1000. A very old named reaction is the Claisen rearrangement (1912) and a recent named reaction is the Bingel reaction (1993). When the named reaction is difficult to pronounce or very long as in the Corey–House–Posner–Whitesides reaction it helps to use the abbreviation as in the CBS reduction. The number of reactions hinting at the actual process taking place is much smaller, for example the ene reaction or aldol reaction. Another approach to organic reactions is by type of organic reagent, many of them inorganic, required in a specific transformation. The major types are oxidizing agents such as osmium tetroxide, reducing agents such as lithium aluminium hydride, bases such as lithium diisopropylamide and acids such as sulfuric acid. Finally, reactions are also classified by mechanistic class. Commonly these classes are (1) polar, (2) radical, and (3) pericyclic.

About this result

This page is automatically generated and may contain information that is not correct, complete, up-to-date, or relevant to your search query. The same applies to every other page on this website. Please make sure to verify the information with EPFL's official sources.

Related categories (47)

Related concepts (32)

Related courses (4)

Related lectures (31)

Related people (1)

Related publications (1)

Isocyanoacetates as Synthetic Platform Towards Natural Products and Biologically Relevant Scaffolds

Thomas Bertrand Pascal Marie Buyck

My PhD work started with the development of a racemic access to trigonoliimine B, an hexacyclic alkaloid isolated in 2010. After having explored different strategies, we reported a 7-step synthesis of this natural product. This synthesis features a challenging and unprecedented Bischler-Napieralski reaction for the formation of a 7-membered ring with the concurrent creation of an exocyclic imine at the last step. The choice of sulfolane as solvent for this transformation was critical to the success. Aiming at upgrading our synthesis towards an enantioselective version, we developed an enantioselective synthesis of α-quaternary α-amino acids. The Michael addition between α-aryl isocyanoacetates and phenyl vinyl selenone catalyzed by a quinine derivative affords enantioenriched Michael adducts. Due to the nature of the functional groups, these adducts are easily transformed to useful scaffolds such as pyrrolidinones and oxindoles. We also demonstrated the synthetic utility of this transformation by using it for the enantioselective total synthesis of (+)- and (-)-trigonoliimine A. With the idea to further demonstrate the efficiency of this reaction for natural product synthesis, we are trying to develop the first total synthesis of (+)-hinckdentine A. Finally, during our investigations on the Michael adduct, we observed the formation of 1,3-oxazinan-2-one. We implemented an integrated one-pot process to access biologically relevant 1,3-oxazinan-2-one. We also studied the reaction mechanism demonstrating an unprecedented triple role of phenyl selenonyl group as an electron withdrawing group, a leaving group and a latent oxidant.

EPFL2014

BIO-110: Bio-organic chemistry

The aim of the course is to provide a chemical understanding and intuition to decipher and predict chemical processes in living systems.

CH-435: Asymmetric catalysis for fine chemicals synthesis

The asymmetric synthesis of fine chemicals is a research topic of growing importance for the synthesis of modern materials, drugs and agrochemicals. In this lecture, the concepts of asymmetric catalys

CH-120: Advanced general chemistry II

Acquisition des notions fondamentales liées à la réactivité des molécules organiques, identification de la structure de petites molécules organiques au moyen des techniques de spectrométrie de masse,

Pericyclic reaction

In organic chemistry, a pericyclic reaction is the type of organic reaction wherein the transition state of the molecule has a cyclic geometry, the reaction progresses in a concerted fashion, and the bond orbitals involved in the reaction overlap in a continuous cycle at the transition state. Pericyclic reactions stand in contrast to linear reactions, encompassing most organic transformations and proceeding through an acyclic transition state, on the one hand and coarctate reactions, which proceed through a doubly cyclic, concerted transition state on the other hand.

Electrophilic addition

In organic chemistry, an electrophilic addition reaction is an addition reaction where a chemical compound containing a double or triple bond has a π bond broken, with the formation of two new σ bonds. The driving force for this reaction is the formation of an electrophile X+ that forms a covalent bond with an electron-rich, unsaturated C=C bond. The positive charge on X is transferred to the carbon-carbon bond, forming a carbocation during the formation of the C-X bond.

Sigmatropic reaction

A sigmatropic reaction in organic chemistry is a pericyclic reaction wherein the net result is one σ-bond is changed to another σ-bond in an uncatalyzed intramolecular reaction. The name sigmatropic is the result of a compounding of the long-established sigma designation from single carbon–carbon bonds and the Greek word tropos, meaning turn. In this type of rearrangement reaction, a substituent moves from one part of a π-bonded system to another part in an intramolecular reaction with simultaneous rearrangement of the π system.

Organic compound

In chemistry, many authors consider an organic compound to be any chemical compound that contains carbon-hydrogen or carbon-carbon bonds, however, some authors consider an organic compound to be any chemical compound that contains carbon. The definition of "organic" versus "inorganic" varies from author to author, and is a topic of debate. For example, methane () is considered organic, but whether some other carbon-containing compounds are organic or inorganic varies from author to author, for example halides of carbon without carbon-hydrogen and carbon-carbon bonds (e.

Organometallic chemistry

Organometallic chemistry is the study of organometallic compounds, chemical compounds containing at least one chemical bond between a carbon atom of an organic molecule and a metal, including alkali, alkaline earth, and transition metals, and sometimes broadened to include metalloids like boron, silicon, and selenium, as well. Aside from bonds to organyl fragments or molecules, bonds to 'inorganic' carbon, like carbon monoxide (metal carbonyls), cyanide, or carbide, are generally considered to be organometallic as well.

Chemical kinetics

Chemical kinetics, also known as reaction kinetics, is the branch of physical chemistry that is concerned with understanding the rates of chemical reactions. It is different from chemical thermodynamics, which deals with the direction in which a reaction occurs but in itself tells nothing about its rate. Chemical kinetics includes investigations of how experimental conditions influence the speed of a chemical reaction and yield information about the reaction's mechanism and transition states, as well as the construction of mathematical models that also can describe the characteristics of a chemical reaction.

Green Chemistry: Principles and Organic Chemistry Reactions

Explores green chemistry principles and organic reactions, emphasizing sustainability and environmentally friendly practices.

Carbonyl Compounds: Reactivity and Mechanisms MSE-211: Organic chemistry

Explores the reactivity of carbonyl compounds, focusing on nucleophilic reactions and leaving group effects.

Organic Chemistry: Reaction Mechanisms MSE-211: Organic chemistry

Explores organic reaction mechanisms, thermodynamics, kinetics, and reaction profiles in organic chemistry.