In Lie theory and related areas of mathematics, a lattice in a locally compact group is a discrete subgroup with the property that the quotient space has finite invariant measure. In the special case of subgroups of Rn, this amounts to the usual geometric notion of a lattice as a periodic subset of points, and both the algebraic structure of lattices and the geometry of the space of all lattices are relatively well understood.
The theory is particularly rich for lattices in semisimple Lie groups or more generally in semisimple algebraic groups over local fields. In particular there is a wealth of rigidity results in this setting, and a celebrated theorem of Grigory Margulis states that in most cases all lattices are obtained as arithmetic groups.
Lattices are also well-studied in some other classes of groups, in particular groups associated to Kac–Moody algebras and automorphisms groups of regular trees (the latter are known as tree lattices).
Lattices are of interest in many areas of mathematics: geometric group theory (as particularly nice examples of discrete groups), in differential geometry (through the construction of locally homogeneous manifolds), in number theory (through arithmetic groups), in ergodic theory (through the study of homogeneous flows on the quotient spaces) and in combinatorics (through the construction of expanding Cayley graphs and other combinatorial objects).
Lattices are best thought of as discrete approximations of continuous groups (such as Lie groups). For example, it is intuitively clear that the subgroup of integer vectors "looks like" the real vector space in some sense, while both groups are essentially different: one is finitely generated and countable, while the other is not finitely generated and has the cardinality of the continuum.
Rigorously defining the meaning of "approximation of a continuous group by a discrete subgroup" in the previous paragraph in order to get a notion generalising the example is a matter of what it is designed to achieve.
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In mathematics, a quasi-isometry is a function between two metric spaces that respects large-scale geometry of these spaces and ignores their small-scale details. Two metric spaces are quasi-isometric if there exists a quasi-isometry between them. The property of being quasi-isometric behaves like an equivalence relation on the class of metric spaces. The concept of quasi-isometry is especially important in geometric group theory, following the work of Gromov.
In mathematics, Mostow's rigidity theorem, or strong rigidity theorem, or Mostow–Prasad rigidity theorem, essentially states that the geometry of a complete, finite-volume hyperbolic manifold of dimension greater than two is determined by the fundamental group and hence unique. The theorem was proven for closed manifolds by and extended to finite volume manifolds by in 3 dimensions, and by in all dimensions at least 3. gave an alternate proof using the Gromov norm. gave the simplest available proof.
In mathematics, specifically in group theory, two groups are commensurable if they differ only by a finite amount, in a precise sense. The commensurator of a subgroup is another subgroup, related to the normalizer. Two groups G1 and G2 are said to be (abstractly) commensurable if there are subgroups H1 ⊂ G1 and H2 ⊂ G2 of finite index such that H1 is isomorphic to H2. For example: A group is finite if and only if it is commensurable with the trivial group. Any two finitely generated free groups on at least 2 generators are commensurable with each other.
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Entanglement forging based variational algorithms leverage the bipartition of quantum systems for addressing ground-state problems. The primary limitation of these approaches lies in the exponential summation required over the numerous potential basis stat ...
Let K be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, and let G be a connected reductive algebraic group over K. We address the problem of classifying triples (G, H, V ), where H is a proper connected subgroup of G, and V is a finitedimensional ir ...
Amer Mathematical Soc2024
We investigate generalizations along the lines of the Mordell-Lang conjecture of the author's p-adic formal Manin-Mumford results for n-dimensional p-divisible formal groups F. In particular, given a finitely generated subgroup (sic) of F(Q(p)) and a close ...