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Concept
Tachycardia
Summary
Tachycardia, also called tachyarrhythmia, is a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate. In general, a resting heart rate over 100 beats per minute is accepted as tachycardia in adults. Heart rates above the resting rate may be normal (such as with exercise) or abnormal (such as with electrical problems within the heart).
Tachycardia can lead to fainting.
When the rate of blood flow becomes too rapid, or fast blood flow passes on damaged endothelium, it increases the friction within vessels resulting in turbulence and other disturbances. According to the Virchow's triad, this is one of the three conditions that can lead to thrombosis (i.e., blood clots within vessels).
Some causes of tachycardia include:
Adrenergic storm
Anaemia
Anxiety
Atrial fibrillation
Atrial flutter
Atrial tachycardia
Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia
AV nodal reentrant tachycardia
Brugada syndrome
Circulatory shock and its various causes (obstructive shock, cardiogenic shock, hypovolemic shock, distributive shock)
Dehydration
Dysautonomia
Exercise
Fear
Hypoglycemia
Hypovolemia
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperventilation
Inappropriate sinus tachycardia
Junctional tachycardia
Metabolic myopathy
Multifocal atrial tachycardia
Pacemaker mediated
Pain
Panic attack
Pheochromocytoma
Sinus tachycardia
Sleep deprivation
Supraventricular tachycardia
Ventricular tachycardia
Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome
Drug related:
Alcohol (Ethanol) intoxication
Stimulants
Cannabis
Drug withdrawal
Tricyclic antidepressants
Nefopam
Opioids (rare)
The upper threshold of a normal human resting heart rate is based on age. Cutoff values for tachycardia in different age groups are fairly well standardized; typical cutoffs are listed below:
1–2 days: Tachycardia >159 beats per minute (bpm)
3–6 days: Tachycardia >166 bpm
1–3 weeks: Tachycardia >182 bpm
1–2 months: Tachycardia >179 bpm
3–5 months: Tachycardia >186 bpm
6–11 months: Tachycardia >169 bpm
1–2 years: Tachycardia >151 bpm
3–4 years: Tachycardia >137 bpm
5–7 years: Tachycardia >133 bpm
8–11 years: Tachycardia >130 bpm
12–15 years: Tachycardia >119 bpm
15 years – adult: Tachycardia >100 bpm Heart rate is considered in the context of the prevailing clinical picture.
Official source
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Arrhythmia
Arrhythmias, also known as cardiac arrhythmias, heart arrhythmias, or dysrhythmias, are irregularities in the heartbeat, including when it is too fast or too slow. A resting heart rate that is too fast – above 100 beats per minute in adults – is called tachycardia, and a resting heart rate that is too slow – below 60 beats per minute – is called bradycardia. Some types of arrhythmias have no symptoms. Symptoms, when present, may include palpitations or feeling a pause between heartbeats.
Pulse
In medicine, a pulse represents the tactile arterial palpation of the cardiac cycle (heartbeat) by trained fingertips. The pulse may be palpated in any place that allows an artery to be compressed near the surface of the body, such as at the neck (carotid artery), wrist (radial artery), at the groin (femoral artery), behind the knee (popliteal artery), near the ankle joint (posterior tibial artery), and on foot (dorsalis pedis artery). Pulse (or the count of arterial pulse per minute) is equivalent to measuring the heart rate.
Atrial fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation (AF or A-fib) is an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia) characterized by rapid and irregular beating of the atrial chambers of the heart. It often begins as short periods of abnormal beating, which become longer or continuous over time. It may also start as other forms of arrhythmia such as atrial flutter that then transform into AF. Episodes can be asymptomatic. Symptomatic episodes may involve heart palpitations, fainting, lightheadedness, shortness of breath, or chest pain.