Forage is a plant material (mainly plant leaves and stems) eaten by grazing livestock. Historically, the term forage has meant only plants eaten by the animals directly as pasture, crop residue, or immature cereal crops, but it is also used more loosely to include similar plants cut for fodder and carried to the animals, especially as hay or silage.
While the term forage has a broad definition, the term forage crop is used to define crops, annual or biennial, which are grown to be utilized by grazing or harvesting as a whole crop.
Grass forages include:
Agrostis spp. – bentgrasses
Agrostis capillaris – common bentgrass
Agrostis stolonifera – creeping bentgrass
Andropogon hallii – sand bluestem
Arrhenatherum elatius – false oat-grass
Bothriochloa bladhii – Australian bluestem
Bothriochloa pertusa – hurricane grass
Brachiaria decumbens – Surinam grass
Brachiaria humidicola – koronivia grass
Bromus spp. – bromegrasses
Cenchrus ciliaris – buffelgrass
Chloris gayana – Rhodes grass
Cynodon dactylon – bermudagrass
Dactylis glomerata – orchard grass
Echinochloa pyramidalis – antelope grass
Entolasia imbricata – bungoma grass
Festuca spp. – fescues
Festuca arundinacea – tall fescue
Festuca pratensis – meadow fescue
Festuca rubra – red fescue
Heteropogon contortus – black spear grass
Hymenachne amplexicaulis – West Indian marsh grass
Hyparrhenia rufa – jaragua
Leersia hexandra – southern cutgrass
Lolium spp. – ryegrasses
Lolium multiflorum – Italian ryegrass
Lolium perenne – perennial ryegrass
Megathyrsus maximus – Guinea grass
Melinis minutiflora – molasses grass
Paspalum conjugatum – carabao grass
Paspalum dilatatum – dallisgrass
Phalaris arundinacea – reed canarygrass
Phleum pratense – timothy
Poa spp.
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Fodder (ˈfɒdər), also called provender (ˈprɒvəndər), is any agricultural foodstuff used specifically to feed domesticated livestock, such as cattle, rabbits, sheep, horses, chickens and pigs. "Fodder" refers particularly to food given to the animals (including plants cut and carried to them), rather than that which they forage for themselves (called forage). Fodder includes hay, straw, silage, compressed and pelleted feeds, oils and mixed rations, and sprouted grains and legumes (such as bean sprouts, fresh malt, or spent malt).
Maize (meɪz ; Zea mays subsp. mays, from maíz after mahis), also known as corn in North American- and Australian- English, is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago. The leafy stalk of the plant gives rise to inflorescences (or "tassels") which produce pollen and separate ovuliferous inflorescences called ears that when fertilized yield kernels or seeds, which are botanical fruits.
A legume (ˈlɛɡjuːm,_ləˈɡjuːm) is a plant in the family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae), or the fruit or seed of such a plant. When used as a dry grain, the seed is also called a pulse. Legumes are grown agriculturally, primarily for human consumption, for livestock forage and silage, and as soil-enhancing green manure. Well-known legumes include beans, soybeans, chickpeas, peanuts, lentils, lupins, grass peas, mesquite, carob, tamarind, alfalfa, and clover.
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