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Concept
Knee pain
Summary
Knee pain is pain in or around the knee.
The knee joint consists of an articulation between four bones: the femur, tibia, fibula and patella. There are four compartments to the knee. These are the medial and lateral tibiofemoral compartments, the patellofemoral compartment and the superior tibiofibular joint. The components of each of these compartments can experience repetitive strain, injury or disease.
Running long distance can cause pain to the knee joint, as it is a high-impact exercise.
The location and severity of knee pain may vary, depending on the cause of the problem. Signs and symptoms that sometimes accompany knee pain include:
Swelling and stiffness
Redness and warmth to the touch
Weakness or instability
Popping or crunching noises
Inability to fully straighten the knee
Some common injuries based on the location include:
Sprain (Ligament sprain)
Medial collateral ligament
Lateral collateral ligament
Anterior cruciate ligament
Posterior cruciate ligament
Tear of meniscus
Medial meniscus
Lateral meniscus
Strain (Muscle strain)
Quadriceps muscles
Hamstring muscles
Popliteal muscle
Patellar tendon
Hamstring tendon
Popliteal tendon
Hemarthrosis – Hemarthrosis tends to develop over a relatively short period after injury, from several minutes to a few hours.
Femoral fracture
Tibial fracture
Patella fracture
Some of the diseases of cause of knee pain include the following:
Knee osteoarthritis
Chondromalacia patella
Baker's cyst
Meniscal cyst
Discoid meniscus
Osgood-Schlatter disease
Larsen-Johansson disease
Knee rheumatoid arthritis
Osteochondritis dissecans disease
Synovial chondromatosis disease
Tumors
Ankylosing spondylitis
Reactive arthritis
Tuberculosis arthritis
Septic arthritis (Pyogenic arthritis)
Osteomyelitis
Hemophilic arthritis
Gout (Gouty arthritis)
Neuroma
Bursitis of the knee
Prepatellar bursitis - Housemaid's knee (most common)
Infrapatellar bursitis - Clergyman's knee (Superficial infrapatellar bursitis and Deep infrapatellar bursitis)
Semimembranosus bursitis
Tendinitis
Patellar tendinitis (Jumper's knee)
Hamstring tendinitis
Popliteal tendinitis
Synovitis of the knee
Common deformities of the knee include:
Bipartite patella (two-part kneecap)
Genu varum (bow legs)
Genu valgum (knock-knees)
Genu recurvatum (Knee hyperextension)
Knee flexion deformity
Patellofemoral pain syndrome
Plica syndrome
Iliotibial band syndrome
Hoffa's syndrome
Joint hypermobility syndrome
Patella dislocation
Knee joint dislocation (Tibiofemoral joint dislocation)
Knee pain is more common among people working in the cold than in those in normal temperature.
Official source
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Related concepts (8)
Patellofemoral pain syndrome
Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS; not to be confused with jumper's knee) is knee pain as a result of problems between the kneecap and the femur. The pain is generally in the front of the knee and comes on gradually. Pain may worsen with sitting, excessive use, or climbing and descending stairs. While the exact cause is unclear, it is believed to be due to overuse. Risk factors include trauma, increased training, and a weak quadriceps muscle. It is particularly common among runners.
Chondromalacia patellae
Chondromalacia patellae (also known as CMP) is an inflammation of the underside of the patella and softening of the cartilage. The cartilage under the kneecap is a natural shock absorber, and overuse, injury, and many other factors can cause increased deterioration and breakdown of the cartilage. The cartilage is no longer smooth and therefore movement and use is very painful. While it often affects young individuals engaged in active sports, it also afflicts older adults who overwork their knees.
Iliotibial band syndrome
Iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS) is the second most common knee injury, and is caused by inflammation located on the lateral aspect of the knee due to friction between the iliotibial band and the lateral epicondyle of the femur. Pain is felt most commonly on the lateral aspect of the knee and is most intensive at 30 degrees of knee flexion. Risk factors in women include increased hip adduction and knee internal rotation. Risk factors seen in men are increased hip internal rotation and knee adduction.