Composite materials

A composite material (also called a composition material or shortened to composite, which is the common name) is a material which is produced from two or more constituent materials. These constituent materials have notably dissimilar chemical or physical properties and are merged to create a material with properties unlike the individual elements. Within the finished structure, the individual elements remain separate and distinct, distinguishing composites from mixtures and solid solutions. Typical engineered composite materials include: Reinforced concrete and masonry Composite wood such as plywood Reinforced plastics, such as fibre-reinforced polymer or fiberglass Ceramic matrix composites (composite ceramic and metal matrices) Metal matrix composites and other advanced composite materials There are various reasons where new material can be favoured. Typical examples include materials which are less expensive, lighter, stronger or more durable when compared with common materials, as well as composite materials inspired from animals and natural sources with low carbon footprint. More recently researchers have also begun to actively include sensing, actuation, computation, and communication into composites, which are known as robotic materials. Composite materials are generally used for buildings, bridges, and structures such as boat hulls, swimming pool panels, racing car bodies, shower stalls, bathtubs, storage tanks, imitation granite, and cultured marble sinks and countertops. They are also being increasingly used in general automotive applications. The most advanced examples perform routinely on spacecraft and aircraft in demanding environments. The earliest composite materials were made from straw and mud combined to form bricks for building construction. Ancient brick-making was documented by Egyptian tomb paintings. Wattle and daub is one of the oldest composite materials, at over 6000 years old. Concrete is also a composite material, and is used more than any other synthetic material in the world. , about 7.

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Glass fiber

Glass fiber (or glass fibre) is a material consisting of numerous extremely fine fibers of glass. Glassmakers throughout history have experimented with glass fibers, but mass manufacture of glass fiber was only made possible with the invention of finer machine tooling. In 1893, Edward Drummond Libbey exhibited a dress at the World's Columbian Exposition incorporating glass fibers with the diameter and texture of silk fibers. Glass fibers can also occur naturally, as Pele's hair.

Carbon fibers

Carbon fibers or carbon fibres (alternatively CF, graphite fiber or graphite fibre) are fibers about in diameter and composed mostly of carbon atoms. Carbon fibers have several advantages: high stiffness, high tensile strength, high strength to weight ratio, high chemical resistance, high-temperature tolerance, and low thermal expansion. These properties have made carbon fiber very popular in aerospace, civil engineering, military, motorsports, and other competition sports.

Composite laminate

In materials science, a composite laminate is an assembly of layers of fibrous composite materials which can be joined to provide required engineering properties, including in-plane stiffness, bending stiffness, strength, and coefficient of thermal expansion. The individual layers consist of high-modulus, high-strength fibers in a polymeric, metallic, or ceramic matrix material. Typical fibers used include cellulose, graphite, glass, boron, and silicon carbide, and some matrix materials are epoxies, polyimides, aluminium, titanium, and alumina.

Photocured Nanocellulose Composites: Recent Advances

Yves Leterrier, Aigoul Schreier, Mohammed Arif Poothanari, Julien Bras

This perspective gives an overview of recent progress in thefield of photocured polymer composites based on variousforms of nanocelluloses, with a focus on cellulose nanofibrils. The manufacturing pro

AMER CHEMICAL SOC2022

Elimination of ringing artifacts by finite-element projection in FFT-based homogenization

Till Junge, Ali Falsafi

Micromechanical homogenization is often carried out with Fourier-accelerated methods that are prone to ringing artifacts. We here generalize the compatibility projection introduced by Vond.rejc et al.

ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE2022

Recycled Glass Fiber Composites from Wind Turbine Waste for 3D Printing Feedstock: Effects of Fiber Content and Interface on Mechanical Performance

Rodolphe Henri, Kazem Fayazbakhsh

This research validates the viability of a recycling and reusing process for end-of-life glass fiber reinforced wind turbine blades. Short glass fibers from scrap turbine blades are reclaimed and mixe

2019

EELCEE

Active in composite manufacturing, automotive industry and smart preform engineering. EELCEE pioneers high-volume structural composite manufacturing for the automotive industry, offering cost-effective solutions with a focus on automation and digital manufacturing.

Recycling of Composites MSE-463: Recycling of materials

Explores the recycling process of composites, including fiber recovery, environmental impact, and potential applications of recycled fibers.

Composite Materials: Fibers and Matrices MSE-234: Mechanical behaviour of materials

Covers the properties and production processes of composite materials, focusing on reinforcing fibers and matrices.

Deformation and Rupture in Composite Materials MSE-234: Mechanical behaviour of materials

Explores the deformation and rupture behavior of composite materials, emphasizing continuous fiber composites and the role of the fiber-matrix interface.

Polymer chemistry

A polymer (ˈpɒlᵻmər; Greek poly-, "many" + -mer, "part") is a substance or material consisting of very large molecules called macromolecules, composed of many repeating subunits. Due to their broad spectrum of properties, both synthetic and natural polymers play essential and ubiquitous roles in everyday life. Polymers range from familiar synthetic plastics such as polystyrene to natural biopolymers such as DNA and proteins that are fundamental to biological structure and function.

Deformation of materials

In engineering, deformation refers to the change in size or shape of an object. Displacements are the absolute change in position of a point on the object. Deflection is the relative change in external displacements on an object. Strain is the relative internal change in shape of an infinitesimally small cube of material and can be expressed as a non-dimensional change in length or angle of distortion of the cube. Strains are related to the forces acting on the cube, which are known as stress, by a stress-strain curve.

Fibers

Fiber or fibre (British English; from fibra) is a natural or artificial substance that is significantly longer than it is wide. Fibers are often used in the manufacture of other materials. The strongest engineering materials often incorporate fibers, for example carbon fiber and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene. Synthetic fibers can often be produced very cheaply and in large amounts compared to natural fibers, but for clothing natural fibers can give some benefits, such as comfort, over their synthetic counterparts.