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In mathematics, specifically , a functor is a mapping between . Functors were first considered in algebraic topology, where algebraic objects (such as the fundamental group) are associated to topological spaces, and maps between these algebraic objects are associated to continuous maps between spaces. Nowadays, functors are used throughout modern mathematics to relate various categories. Thus, functors are important in all areas within mathematics to which is applied. The words category and functor were borrowed by mathematicians from the philosophers Aristotle and Rudolf Carnap, respectively. The latter used functor in a linguistic context; see function word. Definition Let C and D be . A functor F from C to D is a mapping that

associates each object X in C to an object F(X) in D,
associates each morphism f \colon X \to Y in C to a morphism F(f) \colon F(X) \to F(Y) in D such that the following two conditio

Sur quelques foncteurs de bi-ensembles

Rosalie Françoise Chevalley

This thesis is in the context of representation theory of finite groups. More specifically, it studies biset functors. In this thesis, I focus on two biset functors: the Burnside functor and the functor of p-permutation modules. For the Burnside functor we first give a result that characterize some B-groups; B-groups being the essential ingredient in the classification of composition factors of the Burnside functor. The second result compares the Burnside functor and the functor of free modules. Note that the functor of free modules is not a biset functor since the inflation of a free module is not necessarily free. To compare those functors we will work on an adjunction between the category of biset functors and the category of functors that do not have inflation. An aspect of the work done on the functor of p-permutation module is to compare the functor of p-permutation modules and the functor of ordinary representations. On the other hand, because of the classification of p-permutation modules, we try to express the functor o p-permutation modules in terms of the functor of projective modules (which is not a biset functor). We will use an adjunction between the category of biset functors and a category that contains the functor of projective modules.

EPFL2015

Homotopic Descent over Monoidal Model Categories

The starting point for this project is the article of Kathryn Hess [11]. In this article, a homotopic version of monadic descent is developed. In the classical setting, one constructs a category D(𝕋) of coalgebras in the Eilenberg-Moore category of algebras D𝕋 for a given monad 𝕋 on a category D. There is a canonical functor Can𝕃𝕋 from D to D(𝕋), and if Can𝕃𝕋 is fully faithful, then 𝕋 satisfies descent, while if Can𝕃𝕋 is an equivalence of categories, then 𝕋 satisfies effective descent [19]. In [11], these two conditions are replaced by a weaker one, that these hold only up to homotopy. This is achieved by working with model categories that are enriched over simplicial sets. Homotopic descent is then defined by demanding that each component in (Can𝕃𝕋)A,B : MapD(A,B) → MapD(𝕋) (Can𝕃𝕋(A), Can𝕃𝕋 (B)) be a weak equivalence of simplicial sets. A similar but stronger condition involving the path components in D(𝕋) expresses effective homotopic descent. The first goal of this project is to develop a framework of homotopic descent for model categories that are enriched over model categories other than simplicial sets. The most important examples we have in mind are chain complexes and spectra. In order to achieve this goal, we tried to determine the most general conditions that are sufficient and necessary to make the theory work. To ease the formulation, let us say that we are working with a model category D that is enriched over a monoidal model category V. The crucial constructions we need are realization, respectively totalization, of (co)simplicial objects in D. These functors have to be Quillen functors to ensure that they have the correct homotopical behaviour. This implies that there must exist a Quillen adjunction between V and simplicial sets. Furthermore, we need to be able to transfer the enrichment and (co)tensoring over V to an enrichment and (co)tensoring over simplicial sets. This forces the Quillen adjunction to be monoidal. Another main point that has to be adressed is the question, of whether the enrichment of D carries over to an enrichment of D𝕋 and D(𝕋) and how this enrichment behaves. It turns out that this works well under mild assumptions on V. This leads then to the definition of homotopic descent by requiring that each component in (Can𝕃𝕋)A,B : MapD(A,B) → MapD(𝕋) (Can𝕃𝕋(A), Can𝕃𝕋 (B)) be a weak equivalence in M and similarly for effective homotopic descent. Using this definition, the theorems in [11] carry over to this more general context. Although the conditions on V are rather constraining regarding the relation with simplicial sets, the cases of chain complexes and spectra are included. For the time being we do not see how the constraints on V could be weakened. The second goal of this project is to apply the theory of homotopic descent to concrete examples. A good source of examples is homotopic Grothendieck descent in the category of spectra, i.e., S-modules. Classical Grothendieck descent deals with the adjunction induced by a morphism φ : B → A of monoids in a monoidal category (M,Λ, S), – BΛ A : ModB ⇄ ModA : φ*, which in turn induces a monad 𝕋φ := φ*(– ΛB A) on ModB. We consider in particular the case when the morphism in question is the unit of an S-algebra E, η : S → E There is a close relationship between comodules over a Hopf algebroid and objects in D(𝕋η). Associated to η we have the canonical co-ring Wη := E ΛS E and an isomorphism between D(𝕋η) and the category of comodules over Wη in the category of S-modules. This relationship is explored in an analysis of the stable Adams spectral sequence, the construction of which heavily relies on the monadic properties of the functor η*(E ΛS –) and can therefore be expressed in terms of D(𝕋η). We construct a spectral sequence that generalizes the stable Adams spectral sequence to any stable pointed model category such as unbounded chain complexes. One can give a description of the E2-term as an Ext in D(𝕋η), E2s,t = ExtD(𝕋η) (Can(A), Can(B)). If the spectral sequences converges, it abuts to π⁎MapD(A,B η^), where Bη^ is the derived 𝕋η-completion of B, which agrees with the usual derived completion in well-known special cases. Furthermore, Bη^ := Tot B^•, and B^• is kind of a fibrant cosimplicial resolution of B. Furthermore, the language of relative homological algebra for modules and comodules generalizes to definitions for algebras in D𝕋η and coalgebras in D(𝕋η). This shows that the construction of the Adams spectral sequence works in a more general setting, where one applies a functor to an abelian category, for example π⁎, only at the end, to be able to do computations in homological algebra. This general Adams spectral sequence is closely related to the descent spectral sequence of [11], and we have clarified this relationship.

EPFL2011

Kan spectra, group spectra and twisting structures

Marc Stephan

Kan spectra provide a combinatorial model for the stable homotopy category. They were introduced by Dan Kan in 1963 under the name semisimplicial spectra. A Kan spectrum is similar to a pointed simplicial set, but it has simplices in negative degrees as well and all its simplices have infinitely many faces and degeneracies. In the first part of this thesis, we define a functor from the category of Gamma-spaces to the category of Kan spectra without passing through any other category of spectra. We show that the resulting Kan spectrum of a Gamma-space A agrees with the usual object associated to A in the stable homotopy category by comparing it to Bousfield-Friedlander's spectrum construction. In particular, applying our construction to the Gamma-space associated to a symmetric monoidal category provides a combinatorial model of its algebraic K-theory spectrum. For the Gamma-space associated to an abelian group, this yields via the stable Dold-Kan correspondence the unbounded chain complex with the abelian group concentrated in degree zero. The second part of this work concerns group spectra and twisting structures. Group spectra are the group objects in the category of Kan spectra. They provide an algebraic, combinatorial model for the stable homotopy category. We transfer Brown's model structure from the category of Kan spectra to a Quillen equivalent model structure on the category of group spectra. We then construct the analogues of Kan's loop group functor and its right adjoint Wbar together with corresponding classifying bundles, so that the category of Kan spectra becomes a twisted homotopical category in the sense of Farjoun and Hess.

EPFL2015

Homotopic Descent over Monoidal Model Categories

EPFL2011