Stochastic partial differential equation

Summary

Stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) generalize partial differential equations via random force terms and coefficients, in the same way ordinary stochastic differential equations generalize ordinary differential equations. They have relevance to quantum field theory, statistical mechanics, and spatial modeling. Examples One of the most studied SPDEs is the stochastic heat equation, which may formally be written as : \partial_t u = \Delta u + \xi;, where \Delta is the Laplacian and \xi denotes space-time white noise. Other examples also include stochastic versions of famous linear equations, such as the wave equation and the Schrödinger equation. Discussion One difficulty is their lack of regularity. In one dimensional space, solutions to the stochastic heat equation are only almost 1/2-Hölder continuous in space and 1/4-Hölder continuous in time. For dimensions two and higher, solutions are not even functi

Official source

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stochastic_partial_differential_equation

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The stochastic heat equation: hitting probabilities and the probability density function of the supremum via Malliavin calculus

Fei Pu

In this thesis, we study systems of linear and/or non-linear stochastic heat equations and fractional heat equations in spatial dimension

1

driven by space-time white noise. The main topic is the study of hitting probabilities for the solutions to these systems. We first study the properties of the probability density functions of the solution to non-linear systems of stochastic fractional heat equations driven by multiplicative space-time white noise. Using the techniques of Malliavin calculus, we prove that the one-point probability density function of the solution is infinitely differentiable, uniformly bounded and positive everywhere. Moreover, a Gaussian-type upper bound on the two-point probability density function is obtained by a detailed analysis of the small eigenvalues of the Malliavin matrix. We establish an optimal lower bound on hitting probabilities for the (non-Gaussian) solution, which is as sharp as that for the Gaussian solution to a system of linear equations. We develop a new method to study the upper bound on hitting probabilities, from the perspective of probability density functions. For the solution to the linear stochastic heat equation, we prove that the random vector, which consists of the solution and the supremum of a linear increment of the solution over a time segment, has an infinitely differentiable probability density function. We derive a formula for this density and establish a Gaussian-type upper bound. The smoothness property and Gaussian-type upper bound for the density of the supremum of the solution over a space-time rectangle touching the

t = 0

axis are also studied. Furthermore, we extend these results to the solutions of systems of linear stochastic fractional heat equations. For a system of linear stochastic heat equations with Dirichlet boundary conditions, we present a sufficient condition for certain sets to be hit with probability one.

EPFL2018

We consider a system of d non-linear stochastic fractional heat equations in spatial dimension 1 driven by multiplicative d-dimensional space-time white noise. We establish a sharp Gaussian-type upper bound on the two-point probability density function of (u(s, y), u(t, x)). From this result, we deduce optimal lower bounds on hitting probabilities of the process {u(t, x) : (t, x) is an element of [0, infinity[xR} in the non-Gaussian case, in terms of Newtonian capacity, which is as sharp as that in the Gaussian case. This also improves the result in Dalang et al. (2009) for systems of classical stochastic heat equations. We also establish upper bounds on hitting probabilities of the solution in terms of Hausdorff measure. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

ELSEVIER2021

On the density of the supremum of the solution to the linear stochastic heat equation

Robert Dalang, Fei Pu

We study the regularity of the probability density function of the supremum of the solution to the linear stochastic heat equation. Using a general criterion for the smoothness of densities for locally nondegenerate random variables, we establish the smoothness of the joint density of the random vector whose components are the solution and the supremum of an increment in time of the solution over an interval (at a fixed spatial position), and the smoothness of the density of the supremum of the solution over a space-time rectangle that touches thet=0 axis. Applying the properties of the divergence operator, we establish a Gaussian-type upper bound on these two densities respectively, which presents a close connection with the Holder-continuity properties of the solution.

SPRINGER2020

The stochastic heat equation: hitting probabilities and the probability density function of the supremum via Malliavin calculus

Fei Pu

In this thesis, we study systems of linear and/or non-linear stochastic heat equations and fractional heat equations in spatial dimension

1

t = 0

EPFL2018