Iodine

Summary

Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53. The heaviest of the stable halogens, it exists as a semi-lustrous, non-metallic solid at standard conditions that melts to form a deep violet liquid at , and boils to a violet gas at . The element was discovered by the French chemist Bernard Courtois in 1811 and was named two years later by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, after the Ancient Greek Ιώδης 'violet-coloured'. Iodine occurs in many oxidation states, including iodide (I−), iodate (IO3-), and the various periodate anions. It is the least abundant of the stable halogens, being the sixty-first most abundant element. As the heaviest essential mineral nutrient, iodine is required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Iodine deficiency affects about two billion people and is the leading preventable cause of intellectual disabilities. The dominant producers of iodine today are Chile and Japan. Due to its high atomic number and ease of attachment to organic compounds, it

Official source

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine

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Doping characteristics of iodine on as-grown chemical vapor deposited graphene on Pt

Nicolas Chevalier, Hokwon Kim, Olivier Renault

Using laboratory X-ray photoelectron emission microscopy (XPEEM), we investigated the doping efficiency and thermal stability of iodine on as-grown graphene on Pt. After iodine adsorption of graphene in saturated vapor of I-2, monolayer and bilayer graphene exhibited work function of 4.93 eV and 4.87 eV, respectively. Annealing of the doped monolayer graphene at 100 degrees C led to desorption of hydrocarbons, which increased the work function of monolayer graphene by similar to 0.2 eV. The composition of the polyiodide complexes evolved upon a step-by-step annealing at temperatures from 100 degrees C to 300 degrees C while the work-function non-monotonically changed with decreasing iodine content. The iodine dopant was stable at relatively high temperature as a significant amount of iodine remained up to the annealing temperature of 350 degrees C. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Elsevier Science Bv2015

Substantial contribution of iodine to Arctic ozone destruction

Hélène Paule Angot, Ivo Fabio Beck, Lubna Dada, Julia Schmale

Unlike bromine, the effect of iodine chemistry on the Arctic surface ozone budget is poorly constrained. We present ship-based measurements of halogen oxides in the high Arctic boundary layer from the sunlit period of March to October 2020 and show that iodine enhances springtime tropospheric ozone depletion. We find that chemical reactions between iodine and ozone are the second highest contributor to ozone loss over the study period, after ozone photolysis-initiated loss and ahead of bromine.

2022

Six different fluoroarenes were submitted to the same transformations. Direct deprotonation with alkyllithium or lithium dialkylamide as reagents and subsequent carboxylation afforded acids. These included 2,6-difluorobenzoic acid, 3,6-difluoro-2-iodobenzoic acid, 2-fluoro-6-iodobenzoic acid, 2-fluoro-3-iodobenzoic acid, 2,3-difluoro-4-iodobenzoic acid and 1-fluoro-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid. If the aryllithium intermediate was trapped with iodine rather than with dry ice, an iodofluoroarene (2, 7, 12, 17, 19, and 24) was formed. Iodoarenes included 1,3-difluoro-2-iodobenzene, 1,4-difluoro-2,3-diiodobenzene, 1-fluoro-2,3-diiodobenzene, 2-fluoro-1,3-diiodobenzene, 2,3-difluoro-1,4-diiodobenzene, and 1-fluoro-2-iodonaphthalene. These, upon treatment with lithium diisopropylamide, underwent deprotonation and iodine migration. The resulting new aryllithium species was intercepted either by carboxylation, to give 2,6-difluoro-3-iodobenzoic acid, 2,5-difluoro-3,6-diiodobenzoic acid, 2-fluoro-3,6-diiodobenzoic acid, 2,3-difluoro-4,6-diiodobenzoic acid, and 1-fluoro-3-iodo-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid, or by neutralization to produce the iodofluoroarenes which included 2,4-difluoro-1-iodobenzene, 1,4-difluoro-2,5-diiodobenzene, 2-fluoro-1,4-diiodobenzene, 1-fluoro-3-iodonaphthalene. The latter family of compds. was converted into another set of acids, which included 2,4-difluorobenzoic acid, 2,5-difluoro-4-iodobenzoic acid, 1-fluoro-3-naphthalenecarboxylic acid, by subsequent treatment with butyllithium or isopropylmagnesium chloride and carbon dioxide. [on SciFinder (R)]

2002