Analogue electronics | EPFL Graph Search

Analogue electronics (analog electronics) are electronic systems with a continuously variable signal, in contrast to digital electronics where signals usually take only two levels. The term "analogue" describes the proportional relationship between a signal and a voltage or current that represents the signal. The word analogue is derived from the word ανάλογος n(analogos) meaning "proportional". Analogue signals Analogue signal An analogue signal uses some attribute of the medium to convey the signal's information. For example, an aneroid barometer uses the angular position of a needle as the signal to convey the information of changes in atmospheric pressure. Electrical signals may represent information by changing their voltage, current, frequency, or total charge. Information is converted from some other physical form (such as sound, light, temperature, pressure, position) to an electrical signal by a transducer which converts one type of energy into another (e.g. a mic

Structured analog CMOS design based on the device inversion level

Danica Stefanovic

Standard analog design procedure is usually based on a large number of simulations, strongly depends on the type of analog circuit that has to be implemented and requires a lot of manipulation at the transistor level. Simulators offer accurate modeling and precise calculations, but on the other hand ascertaining circuit parameter dependences is difficult and depends on analog designer expertise and knowledge. Moreover, with CMOS technology improvements, the complexity of analog design tasks further increases, since the design specifications become more severe in terms of gain and speed, requiring at the same time minimization of the circuit surface. In this thesis, we propose a structured design approach that allowed us to simplify complex analog design problems and develop a global design strategy that can be used for the design of different analog cells. The basic concept consists in analog cell partitioning into the basic analog structures and sizing of these basic analog structures in a predefined procedural design sequence. The basic analog structure specifications are derived from circuit-level requirements, and its sizing in the environment imposed by the circuit demands less effort. Furthermore, the procedural design sequence ensures the correct propagation of design specifications, the verification of parameter limits and the local optimization loops. The transistor-level design procedure is based on the continuous MOS modeling approach and relies on the device inversion level as a fundamental design variable. Since all important design parameters can be expressed as continuous functions of the device inversion level, the design optimum as well as the technology limits can be easily found. Finally, the proposed design procedure is implemented as a CAD tool that guides and assists the user during analog design tasks and provides an interactive interface that allows instantaneous visualization of design trade-offs. At the same time, the user has a great degree of freedom in decision making which enables high human interactivity and design optimization.

EPFL2007

Three-axis teslameter with integrated Hall probe free from the planar Hall effect

Pavel Kejik, Radivoje Popovic, Enrico Schurig

The first commercially available teslameter with a fully integrated 3-axis Hall probe is described. The Hall probe chip contains horizontal and vertical Hall elements, analogue electronics, and a synchronisation circuit. A horizontal Hall element measures the perpendicular component, and two vertical Hall devices measure the two in-plane components of a magnetic field. Current spinning in the Hall devices cancels offset, 1/f noise, and the planar Hall voltage. The analogue electronic module of the teslameter cancels the residual offset and compensates temperature dependence and non-linearity of the Hall voltages. The digital module provides A/D conversion and communication to a computer.

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers2006

Structured analog CMOS design based on the device inversion level

Danica Stefanovic

EPFL2007