Los Angeles (USlɔːs_ˈændʒələs ; Los Ángeles los ˈaŋxeles, The Angels), often referred to by its initials L.A., and officially the City of Los Angeles, is the most populous city in the state of California. With roughly 3.9 million residents within the city limits , Los Angeles is the second-most populous city in the United States, behind only New York City, and is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of the Southern California region. Los Angeles has a Mediterranean climate, an ethnically and culturally diverse population, and a sprawling metropolitan area.
The majority of the city proper lies in a basin in Southern California adjacent to the Pacific Ocean in the west and extending partly through the Santa Monica Mountains and north into the San Fernando Valley, with the city bordering the San Gabriel Valley to its east. It covers about , and is the county seat of Los Angeles County, which is the most populous county in the United States with an estimated 9.86 million residents . It is the third-most visited city in the U.S. with over 4.6 million visitors as of 2019.
The area that became Los Angeles was originally inhabited by the indigenous Tongva people and later claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542. The city was founded on September 4, 1781, under Spanish governor Felipe de Neve, on the village of Yaanga. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence. In 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and became part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4, 1850, five months before California achieved statehood. The discovery of oil in the 1890s brought rapid growth to the city. The city was further expanded with the completion of the Los Angeles Aqueduct in 1913, which delivers water from Eastern California.
Los Angeles has a diverse economy with a broad range of industries, best known as the home of the Hollywood film industry.
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Discrete mathematics is a discipline with applications to almost all areas of study. It provides a set of indispensable tools to computer science in particular. This course reviews (familiar) topics a
L'objectif de ce cours est la maitrise des outils des processus stochastiques utiles pour un ingénieur travaillant dans les domaines des systèmes de communication, de la science des données et de l'i
This course covers the statistical physics approach to computer science problems ranging from graph theory and constraint satisfaction to inference and machine learning. In particular the replica and
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America and consisting of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territories, nine Minor Outlying Islands, and 326 Indian reservations. It is the world's third-largest country by both land and total area. It shares land borders with Canada to its north and with Mexico to its south and has maritime borders with the Bahamas, Cuba, Russia, and other nations.
New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is the most densely populated major city in the United States. The city is more than twice as populous as Los Angeles, the nation's second-largest city. New York City is situated at the southern tip of New York State. Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City comprises five boroughs, each of which is coextensive with a respective county.
Chaparral (ˌʃæpəˈræl,_ˌtʃæp- ) is a shrubland plant community found primarily in California, in southern Oregon and in the northern portion of the Baja California Peninsula in Mexico. It is shaped by a Mediterranean climate (mild wet winters and hot dry summers) and infrequent, high-intensity crown fires. Many chaparral shrubs have hard sclerophyllous evergreen leaves, as contrasted with the associated soft-leaved, drought-deciduous, scrub community of coastal sage scrub, found often on drier, southern facing slopes.
Ce cours constitue la seconde partie d'un enseignement consacré aux bases théoriques et pratiques des systèmes d’information géographique. Il propose une introduction aux systèmes d’information géogra
Ce cours constitue la seconde partie d'un enseignement consacré aux bases théoriques et pratiques des systèmes d’information géographique. Il propose une introduction aux systèmes d’information géogra
This course is the second part of a course dedicated to the theoretical and practical bases of Geographic Information Systems (GIS).It offers an introduction to GIS that does not require prior compu
En 1906, le joaillier Louis Fallet fait appel à la classe de l’École d’Art Appliqué de Charles L’Éplattenier, pour construire sa villa sur les hauteurs de La Chaux-de-Fonds. Le jeune Charles-Édouard Jeanneret, alors étudiant-émailleur, se voit confier la m ...
Depuis la fin du XIXe siècle, l’espace réservé à l’exploitation de pétrole occupe une place importante dans l’agglomération de Los Angeles; un vaste système de production et distribution, fortement entremêlé au tissu urbain, se déploie aujourd’hui à l’éche ...
2019
Un nouveau regard sur le civic design Avant l’émergence du projet industriel d’aménagement urbain (urban design), essentiellement axé sur la technologie et l’économie, il existait un projet social d’aménagement civique (civic design) qui s’attachait à prom ...