Titanium alloys

Titanium alloys are alloys that contain a mixture of titanium and other chemical elements. Such alloys have very high tensile strength and toughness (even at extreme temperatures). They are light in weight, have extraordinary corrosion resistance and the ability to withstand extreme temperatures. However, the high cost of both raw materials and processing limit their use to military applications, aircraft, spacecraft, bicycles, medical devices, jewelry, highly stressed components such as connecting rods on expensive sports cars and some premium sports equipment and consumer electronics. Although "commercially pure" titanium has acceptable mechanical properties and has been used for orthopedic and dental implants, for most applications titanium is alloyed with small amounts of aluminium and vanadium, typically 6% and 4% respectively, by weight. This mixture has a solid solubility which varies dramatically with temperature, allowing it to undergo precipitation strengthening. This heat t

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An Overview of Serum Albumin Interactions with Biomedical Alloys

Oksana Klok, Stefano Mischler

Understanding the interactions between biomedical alloys and body fluids is of importance for the successful and safe performance of implanted devices. Albumin, as the first protein that comes in contact with an implant surface, can determine the biocompatibility of biomedical alloys. The interaction of albumin with biomedical alloys is a complex process influenced by numerous factors. This literature overview aims at presenting the current understanding of the mechanisms of serum albumin (both Bovine Serum Albumin, BSA, and Human Serum Albumin, HSA) interactions with biomedical alloys, considering only those research works that present a mechanistic description of the involved phenomena. Widely used biomedical alloys, such as 316L steel, CoCrMo and Titanium alloys are specifically addressed in this overview. Considering the literature analysis, four albumin-related phenomena can be distinguished: adsorption, reduction, precipitation, and protein-metal binding. The experimental techniques used to understand and quantify those phenomena are described together with the studied parameters influencing them. The crucial effect of the electrochemical potential on those phenomena is highlighted. The effect of the albumin-related phenomena on corrosion behavior of biomedical materials also is discussed.

MDPI2020

Nanoscale Depth Profiling of Residual Stresses Due to Fine Surface Finishing

Joris Pierre Everaerts

Mechanical polishing is commonly used for both surface finishing and metallographic sample preparation for a broad range of materials. However, polishing causes local deformation and induces residual stress, which has an important effect on many surface phenomena. Until recently, it has not been possible to quantify the nanoscale depth variation of polishing‐induced plastic deformation (eigenstrain) and the associated residual stress. In this study, the magnitude and depth of polishing‐induced residual stress are evaluated directly by focused ion beam milling and digital image correlation using the micro‐ring‐core geometry method. Depth‐resolved residual stress profiles are obtained with sub‐micrometer resolution at the surface of a titanium alloy sample that is subjected to various polishing steps. It is found that electrochemical polishing and polishing with colloidal silica do not induce any significant residual stress. However, polishing with diamond slurry leads to the formation of compressive residual stresses of up to 300 MPa, which extend deeper into the material when larger diamond particles are used. This study paves the way for further research on polishing and its effect on surface properties.

2019

Sputtered titanium oxynitride coatings for endosseous applications: Physical and chemical evaluation and first bioactivity assays

Oksana Banakh, Alessandro Pontearso, Rosendo Sanjines

Titanium oxynitride coatings (TiNxO3,) are considered a promising material for applications in dental implantology due to their high corrosion resistance, their biocompatibility and their superior hardness. Using the sputtering technique, TiNxO3, films with variable chemical compositions can be deposited. These films may then be set to a desired value by varying the process parameters, that is, the oxygen and nitrogen gas flows. To improve the control of the sputtering process with two reactive gases and to achieve a variable and controllable coating composition, the plasma characteristics were monitored in-situ by optical emission spectroscopy. TiNxO3, films were deposited onto commercially pure (ASTM 67) microroughened titanium plates by reactive magnetron sputtering. The nitrogen gas flow was kept constant while the oxygen gas flow was adjusted for each deposition run to obtain films with different oxygen and nitrogen contents. The physical and chemical properties of the deposited films were analyzed as a function of oxygen content in the titanium oxynitride. The potential application of the coatings in dental implantology was assessed by monitoring the proliferation and differentiation of human primary osteoblasts. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Elsevier Science Bv2014

Titanium

Titanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ti and atomic number 22. Found in nature only as an oxide, it can be reduced to produce a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density, and

Aluminium alloy

An aluminium alloy (or aluminum alloy; see spelling differences) is an alloy in which aluminium (Al) is the predominant metal. The typical alloying elements are copper, magnesium, manganese, silicon

Alloy

An alloy is a mixture of chemical elements of which at least one is a metal. Unlike chemical compounds with metallic bases, an alloy will retain all the properties of a metal in the resulting materia

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