Scattering parameters

Scattering parameters or S-parameters (the elements of a scattering matrix or S-matrix) describe the electrical behavior of linear electrical networks when undergoing various steady state stimuli by electrical signals. The parameters are useful for several branches of electrical engineering, including electronics, communication systems design, and especially for microwave engineering. The S-parameters are members of a family of similar parameters, other examples being: Y-parameters, Z-parameters, H-parameters, T-parameters or ABCD-parameters. They differ from these, in the sense that S-parameters do not use open or short circuit conditions to characterize a linear electrical network; instead, matched loads are used. These terminations are much easier to use at high signal frequencies than open-circuit and short-circuit terminations. Contrary to popular belief, the quantities are not measured in terms of power (except in now-obsolete six-port network analyzers). Modern vector network

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Analysis of power line communication networks using a new approach based on an efficient measurement technique

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In this paper, we present an efficient measurement technique for the analysis of power line communication (PLC) signals. The frequency spectrum associated with PLC signals extends from 1 MHz to 30 MHz. The proposed technique can be applied to a network containing multiconductor overhead lines and/or underground cables and it complements the theoretical formalism based on scattering parameters presented previously in the work of F. Issa et al. (2002). The use of a vector network analyzer is recommended for the evaluation of the scattering parameters matrix. Based on the proposed approach, we present examples of simulations for the voltage level of the PLC signals for different simple configurations. The simulations are compared with experimental data and a satisfactory agreement is found

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Analysis of power line communication networks using a new approach based on scattering parameters matrix

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In this paper, the authors present a new approach based on scattering parameters matrix for the analysis of power line communication (PLC) signals in low voltage (LV) networks. The frequency spectrum associated with PLC signals extends from 1 MHz to 30 MHz. The low voltage network consists of multiconductor overhead lines and/or underground multiconductor cables. Dielectric and ohmic losses due to the presence of the ground are taken into account, and both differential- and common-mode propagations are studied. In the proposed formalism, the intrinsic properties of the transmission medium are fully described by the associated scattering parameters matrix. Hence, PLC signals along an entire LV network can be predicted by cascading the scattering parameters matrices associated with each line or cable. A computer code with a user-friendly graphical interface is developed which allows numerical simulation of PLC signals in LV networks. The simulation results are compared with measurements carried out on Swiss and French LV networks and a reasonable agreement is found

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