Swimming pool

A swimming pool, swimming bath, wading pool, paddling pool, or simply pool, is a structure designed to hold water to enable swimming or other leisure activities. Pools can be built into the ground (in-ground pools) or built above ground (as a freestanding construction or as part of a building or other larger structure), and may be found as a feature aboard ocean-liners and cruise ships. In-ground pools are most commonly constructed from materials such as concrete, natural stone, metal, plastic, composite or fiberglass, and can be of a custom size and shape or built to a standardized size, the largest of which is the Olympic-size swimming pool. Many health clubs, fitness centers, and private clubs have pools used mostly for exercise or recreation. It is common for municipalities of every size to provide pools for public use. Many of these municipal pools are outdoor pools but indoor pools can also be found in buildings such as natatoriums and leisure centers. Hotels may have pools a

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Sediment transport in step-pool rivers: effect of discharge

Solange Cécile Madeleine Leblois

2018

Effects of deep pools on salinization in coastal reservoirs

David Andrew Barry, Jing Xu

Coastal reservoir contributes to alleviating the freshwater shortage in stressed areas, and the salinization of reservoir water is one of the most important challenges that coastal reservoir faced. Field-investigation indicates that there are many deep pools located at reservoir bed, and a large amount of high-salinity water was found within a deep pool which was hardly be desalted. Laboratory experiments and numerical simulations with different depth and locations of deep pools were conducted to further discuss the influence of deep pool on the salinization of reservoir and adjacent aquifer. Results showed that deep pool has greatly increased the salinity of reservoir water due to high-salinity water stored in the deep pool, which may act as an extra source of saltwater to the coastal reservoir during the dry season. The increasing depth of the deep pool was found to have negative impacts on the salinity of reservoir water, and as the distance from the deep pools to dam increased, the salinization extent in coastal reservoir decreased. Salinity data from the numerical simulations in coastal reservoirs and adjacent aquifer were matched the experimental data well. Flow field indicates that there is a high exchange capacity zone occurred from the deep pool to the seaward boundary, which gave the reasonable reasons for the existence of high-salinity water within deep pools. Those findings highlight the significant influence of deep pool on the salinization of the coastal reservoir, and explain the increased salinization by the deep pool.

2019

Design and development of the efficient anguilliform swimming robot- MAR

Peter Eckert, Auke Ijspeert, Anouk Looijestijn

Propulsion of swimming robots at the surface and underwater is largely dominated by rotary propellers due to high thrust, but at the cost of low efficiency. Due to their inherently high speed turning motion, sharp propeller blades and generated noise, they also present a disturbance to maritime ecosystems. Our work presents a bio-inspired approach to efficient and eco-friendly swimming with moderate to high thrust. This paper describes the concept, development and experimental validation of the novel anguilliform robot MAR. With 15 elements making up the 0.5 m long propulsive section and driven by a single, speed-controlled brushless DC motor (BLDC), the robot creates a smooth continuous traveling wave for propulsion. Steering and autonomy are realized by an actuated head with integrated batteries that serves as a front-rudder. Almost neutral buoyancy paired with individually actuated pectoral fins furthermore enable submerged swimming and diving maneuvers. MAR accomplished high thrusts at a moderate power consumption in first performance tests. The achieved maximum velocity and the speed related efficiency (defined as the achieved speed over the power consumption m Ws(-1)) did not fulfill the expectations in the first tests (in comparison to commercial rotary thrusters), which can be largely attributed to the spatial limitations and an imperfect test setup. Nevertheless, the potential towards highly efficient and high thrust propulsion is visible and will be further investigated in future efforts.

IOP PUBLISHING LTD2020

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Chlorine is a chemical element with the symbol Cl and atomic number 17. The second-lightest of the halogens, it appears between fluorine and bromine in the periodic table and its properties are mostly

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Bleach is the generic name for any chemical product that is used industrially or domestically to remove colour (whitening) from fabric or fiber or to clean or to remove stains in a process called bl

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