Scientific evidence

Summary

Scientific evidence is evidence that serves to either support or counter a scientific theory or hypothesis, although scientists also use evidence in other ways, such as when applying theories to practical problems. Such evidence is expected to be empirical evidence and interpretable in accordance with the scientific method. Standards for scientific evidence vary according to the field of inquiry, but the strength of scientific evidence is generally based on the results of statistical analysis and the strength of scientific controls. Principles of inference A person's assumptions or beliefs about the relationship between observations and a hypothesis will affect whether that person takes the observations as evidence. These assumptions or beliefs will also affect how a person utilizes the observations as evidence. For example, the Earth's apparent lack of motion may be taken as evidence for a geocentric cosmology. However, after sufficient evidence is presented for heliocent

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_evidence

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Understanding cave genesis along favourable bedding planes. The role of the primary rock permeability

Marco Filipponi, Pierre-Yves Jeannin, Laurent Tacher

Recent studies on the complex 3D geometry of large cave systems around the World allowed us to get statistical evidence of the inception horizon hypothesis. It clearly confirmed the idea that the development of karst conduits under phreatic conditions is strongly related to a restricted number of so called inception horizons. An inception horizon is a part of a rock succession that can favour the earliest cave forming processes (LOWE 1992).

2010

Evidence of inception horizons in karst conduit networks

Marco Filipponi, Pierre-Yves Jeannin, Laurent Tacher

This paper outlines the conclusion from an analysis of 18 large cave systems around the world, comprising more than 1500 km of conduits. The 3D geometry of complex cave systems have been analysed in relation to their geological context as well as their hydrogeological boundary conditions. The methodology allowed for the first time statistical evidence of the inception horizon concept. Thereby it confirms that the development of karst conduits under phreatic conditions is strongly related to a restricted number of so called inception horizons. An inception horizon is a part of a rock succession that is particularly susceptible to the development of karst conduits because of physical, lithological or chemical deviation from the predominant carbonate facies within the limestone sequence. It passively or actively favours the localisation of dissolutional voids.

2008

We introduce a family of box splines for efficient, accurate, and smooth reconstruction of volumetric data sampled on the body-centered cubic (BCC) lattice, which is the favorable volumetric sampling pattern due to its optimal spectral sphere packing property. First, we construct a box spline based on the four principal directions of the BCC lattice that allows for a linear

C ^{ 0 }

reconstruction. Then, the design is extended for higher degrees of continuity. We derive the explicit piecewise polynomial representations of the

C ^{ 0 }

and

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box splines that are useful for practical reconstruction applications. We further demonstrate that approximation in the shift-invariant space—generated by BCC-lattice shifts of these box splines—is twice as efficient as using the tensor-product B-spline solutions on the Cartesian lattice (with comparable smoothness and approximation order and with the same sampling density). Practical evidence is provided demonstrating that the BCC lattice not only is generally a more accurate sampling pattern, but also allows for extremely efficient reconstructions that outperform tensor-product Cartesian reconstructions.

IEEE2008

C ^{ 0 }

reconstruction. Then, the design is extended for higher degrees of continuity. We derive the explicit piecewise polynomial representations of the

C ^{ 0 }

and

C ^{ 2 }

IEEE2008