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Concept
Thermal analysis
Summary
Thermal analysis is a branch of materials science where the properties of materials are studied as they change with temperature. Several methods are commonly used – these are distinguished from one another by the property which is measured:
Dielectric thermal analysis: dielectric permittivity and loss factor
Differential thermal analysis: temperature difference versus temperature or time
Differential scanning calorimetry: heat flow changes versus temperature or time
Dilatometry: volume changes with temperature change
Dynamic mechanical analysis: measures storage modulus (stiffness) and loss modulus (damping) versus temperature, time and frequency
Evolved gas analysis: analysis of gases evolved during heating of a material, usually decomposition products
Isothermal titration calorimetry
Isothermal microcalorimetry
Laser flash analysis: thermal diffusivity and thermal conductivity
Thermogravimetric analysis: mass change versus temperature or time
Thermomechanical analysis: dimensional changes versus temperature or time
Thermo-optical analysis: optical properties
Derivatography: A complex method in thermal analysis
Simultaneous thermal analysis generally refers to the simultaneous application of thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry to one and the same sample in a single instrument. The test conditions are perfectly identical for the thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry signals (same atmosphere, gas flow rate, vapor pressure of the sample, heating rate, thermal contact to the sample crucible and sensor, radiation effect, etc.). The information gathered can even be enhanced by coupling the simultaneous thermal analysis instrument to an Evolved Gas Analyzer like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy or mass spectrometry.
Other, less common, methods measure the sound or light emission from a sample, or the electrical discharge from a dielectric material, or the mechanical relaxation in a stressed specimen. The essence of all these techniques is that the sample's response is recorded as a function of temperature (and time).
Official source
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