AsturiansAsturians (asturianos) are a Celto-Romance ethnic group native to the autonomous community of Asturias, in the North-West of the Iberian Peninsula. Asturians are directly descended from the Astures, who were Celtic inhabitants of the northwest Iberian Peninsula before the conquest of the peninsula by the Romans which resulted in their Latinization. By the early Middle Ages, their Celtic language had fallen into disuse and was replaced by a Latin-derived language still spoken today called Asturian.
DebuccalizationDebuccalization or deoralization is a sound change or alternation in which an oral consonant loses its original place of articulation and moves it to the glottis (usually h, ɦ, or ʔ). The pronunciation of a consonant as [h] is sometimes called aspiration, but in phonetics, aspiration is the burst of air accompanying a stop. The word comes from Latin bucca, meaning "cheek" or "mouth". Debuccalization is usually seen as a subtype of lenition, which is often defined as a sound change involving the weakening of a consonant by progressive shifts in pronunciation.
Region of LeónThe Region of León, Leonese region or Leonese Country (Leonese: País Llionés, región de León and rexón de Llión) is a historic territory defined by the 1833 Spanish administrative organisation. The Leonese region encompassed the provinces of Salamanca, Zamora, and León, now part of the modern Spanish autonomous community of Castile and León. As is the case with other historical regions, and continuing with centuries of history, the inhabitants of the Leonese region are still called Leonese.
Minho (river)The Minho (ˈmiːn.juː , ˈmiɲu) or Miño (ˈmiːnjoʊ , ˈmiɲo, ˈmiɲʊ; Miniu) is the longest river in Galicia, sharing the border with Portugal, with a length of . By discharge, it is the fourth river of the Iberian peninsula, after the Douro, Ebro, and Tagus. The Minho waters vineyards and farmland, is used to produce hydroelectric power, and also delineates a section of the Spanish–Portuguese border. In ancient English maps, it appears as Minno. The source of the Minho lies north of Lugo in Galicia, in a place called Pedregal de Irimia.
ReintegrationismReintegrationism (Galician and reintegracionismo; rejnteɣɾaθjoˈnizmʊ, -asjo-, ʁɛĩtɨɣɾɐsjuˈniʒmu) is the linguistic and cultural movement in Galicia which advocates for the unity of Galician and Portuguese as a single language. In other words, the movement postulates that Galician and Portuguese languages not only shared a common origin and literary tradition, but that they are in fact variants of the same language even today. According to this, Galicia should re-integrate into the Community of Portuguese Language Countries.
BetacismIn historical linguistics, betacism (UKˈbiːtəsɪzəm, USˈbeɪ-) is a sound change in which [b] (the voiced bilabial plosive, as in bane) and [v] (the voiced labiodental fricative [v], as in vane) are confused. The final result of the process can be either /b/ → [v] or /v/ → [b]. Betacism is a fairly common phenomenon; it has taken place in Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, and several Romance languages. In Classical Greek, the letter beta ⟨β⟩ denoted [b].
MadridMadrid (məˈdrɪd , maˈðɾið) is the capital and most populous city of Spain. The city has almost 3.4 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million. It is the second-largest city in the European Union (EU), and its monocentric metropolitan area is the second-largest in the EU. The municipality covers geographical area. Madrid lies on the River Manzanares in the central part of the Iberian Peninsula.
GaliciansGalicians (galegos, gallegos) are a Romance ethnic group from Spain that is closely related to the Portuguese people and has its historic homeland in Galicia, in the north-west of the Iberian Peninsula. Two Romance languages are widely spoken and official in Galicia: the native Galician and Spanish. The ethnonym of the Galicians (galegos) derives directly from the Latin Gallaeci or Callaeci, itself an adaptation of the name of a local Celtic tribe known to the Greeks as Καλλαϊκoί (Kallaikoí).
Asturian languageAsturian (æˈstʊəriən; asturianu astuˈɾjanʊ, formerly also known as bable ˈbaβlɪ) is a West Iberian Romance language spoken in the Principality of Asturias, Spain. Asturian is part of a wider linguistic group, the Asturleonese languages. The number of speakers is estimated at 100,000 (native) and 450,000 (second language). The dialects of the Astur-Leonese language family are traditionally classified in three groups: Western, Central, and Eastern. For historical and demographic reasons, the standard is based on Central Asturian.
Brazilian PortugueseBrazilian Portuguese (português brasileiro poʁtʊˈɡe(j)z bɾazɪˈlejɾʊ ), also Portuguese of Brazil (português do Brasil, poʁtʊˈɡe(j)z dʊ bɾɐˈziw ) or South American Portuguese (português sul-americano) is the set of varieties of the Portuguese language native to Brazil and the most influential form of Portuguese worldwide. It is spoken by almost all of the 203 million inhabitants of Brazil and spoken widely across the Brazilian diaspora, today consisting of about two million Brazilians who have emigrated to other countries.
