Universal property

Summary

In mathematics, more specifically in , a universal property is a property that characterizes up to an isomorphism the result of some constructions. Thus, universal properties can be used for defining some objects independently from the method chosen for constructing them. For example, the definitions of the integers from the natural numbers, of the rational numbers from the integers, of the real numbers from the rational numbers, and of polynomial rings from the field of their coefficients can all be done in terms of universal properties. In particular, the concept of universal property allows a simple proof that all constructions of real numbers are equivalent: it suffices to prove that they satisfy the same universal property. Technically, a universal property is defined in terms of and functors by means of a universal morphism (see , below). Universal morphisms can also be thought more abstractly as initial or terminal objects of a (see , below). Universal properties occur a

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Order-adjoint monads and injective objects

Gavin Jay Seal

Given a monad T on Set whose functor factors through the category of ordered sets with left adjoint maps, the category of Kleisli monoids is defined as the category of monoids in the hom-sets of the Kleisli category of T. The Eilenberg-Moore category of T is shown to be strictly monadic over the category of Kleisli monoids. If the Kleisli category of T moreover forms an order-enriched category. then the monad induced by the new situation is Kock-Zoberlein. Injective objects in the category of Kleisli monoids with respect to the class of initial morphisms then characterize the objects of the Eilenberg-Moore category of T, a fact that allows us to recuperate a number of known results, and present some new ones. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Elsevier2010

Despite relentless efforts, the pseudogap phase of cuprates and its possible relation to high-temperature superconductivity remain enigmatic [1]. Even more complexity has been added by the experimental discovery of charge order[2], recently demonstrated as a universal property of underdoped cuprates [3-7]. Naturally, this raised the question as to whether the pseudogap is a precursor to charge order? This presentation addresses exactly that issue by means of angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Disentanglement of the spectroscopic signatures from pseudogap physics and charge ordering made it possible to show the different nature of these two phases [8].

2014

Scaling for hard-sphere colloidal glasses near jamming

Eric DeGiuli

Hard-sphere colloids are model systems in which to study the glass transition and universal properties of amorphous solids. Using covariance matrix analysis to determine the vibrational modes, we experimentally measure here the scaling behavior of the density of states, shear modulus, and mean-squared displacement (MSD) in a hard-sphere colloidal glass. Scaling the frequency with the boson-peak frequency, we find that the density of states at different volume fractions all collapse on a single master curve, which obeys a power law in terms of the scaled frequency. Below the boson peak, the exponent is consistent with theoretical results obtained by real-space and phase-space approaches to understanding amorphous solids. We find that the shear modulus and the MSD are nearly inversely proportional, and show a singular power-law dependence on the distance from random close packing. Our results are in very good agreement with the theoretical predictions. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2016

EDP Sciences2016