Transmission system operator

Summary

File:Electricity grid simple- North America.svg|thumb|380px|right|Simplified diagram of AC electricity grid from generation stations to consumers in North America rect 2 243 235 438 [[Power station]] rect 276 317 412 556 [[Transformer]] rect 412 121 781 400 [[Electric power transmission]] rect 800 0 980 165 [[Transformer]] desc bottom-left A transmission system operator (TSO) is an entity entrusted with transporting energy in the form of natural gas or electrical power on a national or regional level, using fixed infrastructure. The term is defined by the European Commission. The certification procedure for transmission system operators is listed in Article 10 of the Electricity and Gas Directives of 2009. Due to the cost of establishing a transmission infrastructure, such as main power lines or gas main lines and associated connection points, a TSO is usually a natural monopoly, and as such is often subjected to regulations. In electrical power business, a TSO is an operator that

Official source

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_system_operator

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State-of-the-art of data collection, analytics, and future needs of transmission utilities worldwide to account for the continuous growth of sensing data

Michael Ingram, Mario Paolone, Panagiotis Papadopoulos

Nowadays, transmission system operators require higher degree of observability in real-time to gain situational awareness and improve the decision-making process to guarantee a safe and reliable operation. Digitalization of energy systems allows utilities to monitor the system dynamic performance in real-time at fast time scales. The use of such technologies has unlocked new opportunities to introduce new data driven algorithms for improving the stability assessment and control of the system. Motivated by these challenges, a group of experts have worked together to highlight and establish a baseline set of these common concerns, which can be used as motivation to propose innovative analytics and data-driven solutions. In this document, the results of a survey on 10 transmission system operators around the world are presented and it aims to understand the current practices of the participating companies, in terms of data acquisition, handling, storage, modelling and analytics. The overall objective of this document is to capture the actual needs from the interviewed utilities, thereby laying the groundwork for setting valid assumptions for the development of advanced algorithms in this field.

ELSEVIER SCI LTD2022

The aggregators are intermediary players at the distribution system level. They manage the financial transactions of resources such as micro-turbines (MTs), photo-voltaic (PV) production systems, flexible demands (FDs), and must-run demands (MDs) in the energy market. Based on the regulation of many transmission system operators (TSOs) in European countries, an aggregator is obliged to be assigned to a balancing group (BG) represented by a balancing group manager (BGM). The TSO measures the energy imbalances at the BG level. Meanwhile, the BGM is responsible for the management of financial transactions between the aggregators and the TSO. The strategic aggregators can establish a common BG instead of individual BGs. Then, they gain more payoffs since their energy imbalances are compensated more efficiently. However, the BGM should have the complete knowledge of the aggregators' confidential information, which includes the evaluation of aggregators concerning the cost/utility functions of associated resources. The aggregators have no incentive to disclose this valuable information. To solve this challenge, an iterative distributed algorithm based on non-cooperative game theory is proposed. In the numerical results, the performance of proposed common BG has been evaluated thanks to the comparison with a benchmark case where the aggregators establish their own individual BGs.

ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA2020

Coordinating strategic aggregators in an active distribution network for providing operational flexibility

Mokhtar Bozorg, Mohammad Rayati

The support of distributed energy resources (DERs) for providing operational flexibility can be beneficial from the transmission system operators' (TSOs') viewpoint. Despite all opportunities, using DERs within an active distribution network (ADN) for providing flexibility brings operational challenges such as lines congestions and excessive voltage deviations management. Moreover, there are information asymmetries challenges for coordinating the DERs specifically when the strategic aggregators are introduced to manage them. In this paper, a local coordinating mechanism is proposed for the strategic aggregators to provide the operational flexibility. This paper furthers efforts toward proposing an iterative distributed algorithm converging to the Nash equilibrium (NE) of the non-cooperative game incorporated in the proposed mechanism. To validate the performance of the proposed mechanism, the IEEE 33 nodes radial distribution network is considered for a case study. The efficiency of the obtained NE and the proposed iterative distributed algorithm are thoroughly analyzed in the case study.

ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA2020