In anatomy, a polyp is an abnormal growth of tissue projecting from a mucous membrane. If it is attached to the surface by a narrow elongated stalk, it is said to be pedunculated; if it is attached without a stalk, it is said to be sessile. Polyps are commonly found in the colon, stomach, nose, ear, sinus(es), urinary bladder, and uterus. They may also occur elsewhere in the body where there are mucous membranes, including the cervix, vocal folds, and small intestine. Some polyps are tumors (neoplasms) and others are non-neoplastic, for example hyperplastic or dysplastic, which are benign. The neoplastic ones are usually benign, although some can be pre-malignant, or concurrent with a malignancy.
The name is of ancient origin, in use in English from about 1400 for a nasal polyp, from Latin polypus through Greek. The animal of similar appearance called polyp is attested from 1742, although the word was earlier used for an octopus.
Relative incidences by location:
File:Pie chart of colorectal polyp etiologies.png|alt=Incidences and malignancy risks of various types of colorectal polyps.|Incidences and malignancy risks of various types of [[colorectal polyps]]References for diagram are located at: [[Commons:Template:Pie chart of colorectal polyp etiologies - Source]].
File:Pie chart of relative incidences of gastric polyps.png|alt=Relative incidences of gastric polyps.|Relative incidences of gastric polyps{{cite journal|last1=García-Alonso|first1=Francisco Javier|last2=Martín-Mateos|first2=Rosa María|last3=González-Martín|first3=Juan Ángel|last4=Foruny|first4=José Ramón|last5=Vázquez-Sequeiros|first5=Enrique|last6=Boixeda de Miquel|first6=Daniel|title=Gastric polyps: analysis of endoscopic and histological features in our center|journal=Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas|volume=103|issue=8|year=2011|pages=416–420|issn=1130-0108|doi=10.4321/S1130-01082011000800005| pmid=21867351 }}
Colorectal polyp
While colon polyps are not commonly associated with symptoms, occasionally they may cause rectal bleeding, and on rare occasions pain, diarrhea or constipation.
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This course provides a comprehensive overview of the biology of cancer, illustrating the mechanisms that cancer cells use to grow and disseminate at the expense of normal tissues and organs.
A colorectal polyp is a polyp (fleshy growth) occurring on the lining of the colon or rectum. Untreated colorectal polyps can develop into colorectal cancer. Colorectal polyps are often classified by their behaviour (i.e. benign vs. malignant) or cause (e.g. as a consequence of inflammatory bowel disease). They may be benign (e.g. hyperplastic polyp), pre-malignant (e.g. tubular adenoma) or malignant (e.g. colorectal adenocarcinoma). Colorectal polyps are not usually associated with symptoms.
A benign tumor is a mass of cells (tumor) that does not invade neighboring tissue or metastasize (spread throughout the body). Compared to malignant (cancerous) tumors, benign tumors generally have a slower growth rate. Benign tumors have relatively well differentiated cells. They are often surrounded by an outer surface (fibrous sheath of connective tissue) or stay contained within the epithelium. Common examples of benign tumors include moles and uterine fibroids. Some forms of benign tumors may be harmful to health.
Colorectal cancer (CRC), also known as bowel cancer, colon cancer, or rectal cancer, is the development of cancer from the colon or rectum (parts of the large intestine). Signs and symptoms may include blood in the stool, a change in bowel movements, weight loss, and fatigue. Most colorectal cancers are due to old age and lifestyle factors, with only a small number of cases due to underlying genetic disorders. Risk factors include diet, obesity, smoking, and lack of physical activity.
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