Mold | EPFL Graph Search

Are you an EPFL student looking for a semester project?

Work with us on data science and visualisation projects, and deploy your project as an app on top of GraphSearch.

A mold () or mould () is one of the structures that certain fungi can form. The dust-like, colored appearance of molds is due to the formation of spores containing fungal secondary metabolites. The spores are the dispersal units of the fungi. Not all fungi form molds. Some fungi form mushrooms; others grow as single cells and are called microfungi (for example yeasts). A large and taxonomically diverse number of fungal species form molds. The growth of hyphae results in discoloration and a fuzzy appearance, especially on food. The network of these tubular branching hyphae, called a mycelium, is considered a single organism. The hyphae are generally transparent, so the mycelium appears like very fine, fluffy white threads over the surface. Cross-walls (septa) may delimit connected compartments along the hyphae, each containing one or multiple, genetically identical nuclei. The dusty texture of many molds is caused by profuse production of asexual spores (conidia) formed by differe

About this result

This page is automatically generated and may contain information that is not correct, complete, up-to-date, or relevant to your search query. The same applies to every other page on this website. Please make sure to verify the information with EPFL's official sources.

Related publications (18)

Related publications

Related people (3)

Related people

Related units (3)

Related units

Related concepts (38)

Related concepts

Related courses (14)

Related courses

Related lectures (24)

Related lectures

Easy release fluoropolymer molds for micro- and nano-pattern replication

David Barbero, Hans Jörg Mathieu

A mold (35) for use in nano- or micro-replication processes on thermoplastic polymer substrates (20), comprises a nano- or micro-structured fluoropolymer surface that, when the mold (35) is used in a nano- or micro-replication process, serves for the application of a nano- or micro-structuration on a thermoplastic polymer substrate (20,22). The nano- or micro-structured fluoropolymer surface is itself obtained by nano- or micro-structuration against the fluoropolymer surface (30) using a master mold (10) of silicon, quartz, nickel, steel, copper, or another material of comparable properties having a nano- or micro-structuration corresponding to that to be applied to a substrate (22). The fluoromold (35) can be used for nano- or micro-imprint lithography, or a liquid polymer can be coated or extruded against the nano-or micro-structured fluoropolymer surface.

2006

Multilevel Micro-Structuring of Glassy Carbon Molds for Precision Glass Molding

Hans Peter Herzig, Karin Prater, Toralf Scharf

Replication techniques for diffractive optical elements (DOEs) in soft materials such as plastic injection molding are state of the art. For precision glass molding in glasses with high transition temperatures, molds with extreme thermal resistivity, low chemical reactivity and high mechanical strength are needed. Glassy Carbon can be operated up to 2000 degrees C making it possible to mold almost all glasses including Fused Silica with a transition temperatures above 1060 degrees C. For the structuring of Glassy Carbon wafers photolithography and a RIE process is used. We have developed a process using Si as a hard mask material. If the flow rates of the etching gases O-2 and SF6 are chosen properly, high selectivity of GC to Si 19:1 can be achieved, which provides excellent conditions to realize high resolution elements with feature size down to 1 micron and fulfills requirements for optical applications. We fabricated several multilevel GC molds with 8 levels of structuring. Two different optical functionalities were implemented: 6x6 array beamsplitter and 1x4 linear beamsplitter. The molds were applied for precision glass molding of a low Tg glass L-BAL 42 (from Ohara) with a transition temperature of 565 degrees C. Their optical performance was measured. A more detailed analysis of the impact of mold fabrication defects on optical performance is done. Rigorous coupled wave analysis simulations are performed, where we included fabrication constrains such as duty cycle, edge depth errors, wall verticality and misalignment errors. We will compare the results with the design specifications and discuss the influence of fabrication errors introduced during the different process steps.

Spie-Int Soc Optical Engineering2015

Precision glass molding of high-resolution diffractive optical elements

Hans Peter Herzig, Karin Prater, Toralf Scharf

The demand of high resolution diffractive optical elements (DOE) is growing. Smaller critical dimensions allow higher deflection angles and can fulfill more demanding requirements, which can only be met by using electron-beam lithography. Replication techniques are more economical, since the high cost of the master can be distributed among a larger number of replicas. The lack of a suitable mold material for precision glass molding has so far prevented an industrial use. Glassy Carbon (GC) offers a high mechanical strength and high thermal strength. No anti-adhesion coatings are required in molding processes. This is clearly an advantage for high resolution, high aspect ratio microstructures, where a coating with a thickness between 10 nm and 200 nm would cause a noticeable rounding of the features. Electron-beam lithography was used to fabricate GC molds with highest precision and feature sizes from 250 nm to 2 mu m. The master stamps were used for precision glass molding of a low T-g glass L-BAL42 from OHARA. The profile of the replicated glass is compared to the mold with the help of SEM images. This allows discussion of the max. aspect-ratio and min. feature size. To characterize optical performances, beamsplitting elements are fabricated and their characteristics were investigated, which are in excellent agreement to theory.

Spie-Int Soc Optical Engineering2016

Fungus

A fungus (: fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mush

Microorganism

A microorganism, or microbe, is an organism of microscopic size, which may exist in its single-celled form or as a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected fr

Bacteria

Bacteria (bækˈtɪəriə; : bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few m

MSE-360: Polymer science + TP

Introduction à la physique des polymères et aux liens entre structures chimiques et propriétés macroscopiques, avec accent sur la morphologie et le comportement thermomécanique. Méthodes de mise en œuvre, fournissant les bases nécessaires à la sélection des polymères dans un contexte industriel.

MICRO-301: Manufacturing technologies

This course gives an introduction to production methods and manufacturing technologies used in microengineering. The focus is given on the understanding of physical phenomena underlying the processes, the relation between materials, manufacturing processes and design, as well as economical aspects.

ChE-311: Biochemical engineering

This course introduces the basic principles of bioprocess engineering and highlights the similarities and differences with chemical engineering. Without going into the fundamentals, it proposes an overview of the techniques for fermentation as well as product purification (DownStream Processing).