In mathematics, in particular in homotopy theory within algebraic topology, the homotopy lifting property (also known as an instance of the right lifting property or the covering homotopy axiom) is a technical condition on a continuous function from a topological space E to another one, B. It is designed to support the picture of E "above" B by allowing a homotopy taking place in B to be moved "upstairs" to E.
For example, a covering map has a property of unique local lifting of paths to a given sheet; the uniqueness is because the fibers of a covering map are discrete spaces. The homotopy lifting property will hold in many situations, such as the projection in a vector bundle, fiber bundle or fibration, where there need be no unique way of lifting.
Assume all maps are continuous functions between topological spaces. Given a map , and a space , one says that has the homotopy lifting property, or that has the homotopy lifting property with respect to , if:
for any homotopy , and
for any map lifting (i.e., so that ),
there exists a homotopy lifting (i.e., so that ) which also satisfies .
The following diagram depicts this situation:
The outer square (without the dotted arrow) commutes if and only if the hypotheses of the lifting property are true. A lifting corresponds to a dotted arrow making the diagram commute. This diagram is dual to that of the homotopy extension property; this duality is loosely referred to as Eckmann–Hilton duality.
If the map satisfies the homotopy lifting property with respect to all spaces , then is called a fibration, or one sometimes simply says that has the homotopy lifting property.
A weaker notion of fibration is Serre fibration, for which homotopy lifting is only required for all CW complexes .
There is a common generalization of the homotopy lifting property and the homotopy extension property. Given a pair of spaces , for simplicity we denote . Given additionally a map , one says that has the homotopy lifting extension property if:
For any homotopy , and
For any lifting of , there exists a homotopy which covers (i.
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