Principal quantum number

In quantum mechanics, the principal quantum number (symbolized n) is one of four quantum numbers assigned to each electron in an atom to describe that electron's state. Its values are natural numbers (from 1) making it a discrete variable. Apart from the principal quantum number, the other quantum numbers for bound electrons are the azimuthal quantum number ℓ, the magnetic quantum number ml, and the spin quantum number s. Overview and history As n increases, the electron is also at a higher energy and is, therefore, less tightly bound to the nucleus. For higher n the electron is farther from the nucleus, on average. For each value of n there are n accepted ℓ (azimuthal) values ranging from 0 to n − 1 inclusively, hence higher-n electron states are more numerous. Accounting for two states of spin, each n-shell can accommodate up to 2n2 electrons. In a simplistic one-electron model described below, the total energy of an electron is a negative invers

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Threshold photoionization at high resolution

Andreas Osterwalder

Because the spectral d. of Rydberg states scales with the third power of the principal quantum no. n, the region immediately below at. and mol. ionization thresholds is spectrally very dense. Studying the properties of high at. and mol. Rydberg states just below threshold (at n>100) thus represents a real exptl. challenge. At the same time, it offers the opportunity to obtain, by Rydberg series extrapolation, very detailed information on the energy level structure of mol. ions. Recent exptl. progress will be reviewed that have enabled us to obtain information on high at. and mol. Rydberg states at an unprecedented resoln. The methods we have developed rely on the use of a home-built broadly tunable near-Fourier-transform-limited pulsed extreme UV laser system with a bandwidth of better than 210 MHz and of double-resonance techniques with which the spectra of high Rydberg states can be measured at a spectral resoln. of 60 kHz. Recent applications of these methods to the study of the threshold ionization of small mol. systems will be presented. [on SciFinder (R)]

2001

Composite charge 8/3 resonances at the LHC

Francesco Riva, Thibaud Vantalon

In composite Higgs models with partial compositeness, the small value of the observed Higgs mass implies the existence of light fermionic resonances, the top partners, whose quantum numbers are determined by the symmetry (and symmetry breaking) structure of the theory. Here we study light top partners with electric charge 8/3, which are predicted, for instance, in some of the most natural composite Higgs realizations. We recast data from two same sign lepton searches and from searches for microscopic blackholes into a bound on its mass, M-8/3 > 940 GeV. Furthermore, we compare potential reach of these searches with a specifically designed search for three same-sign leptons, both at 8 and 14TeV. We provide a simplified model, suitable for collider analysis.

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Hunting for tetraquarks in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions

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Ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions constitute an ideal setup to look for exotic hadrons because of their low event multiplicity and the possibility of an efficient background rejection. We propose to look for fourquark states produced by photon-photon fusion in these collisions at the center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair root s(NN) = 5.5 TeV. In particular, we focus on those states that would represent a definite smoking gun for the compact tetraquark model. We show that the X(6900), a likely cc (c) over bar(c) over bar compact state, is a perfect candidate for this search, and estimate a production cross section ranging from around 250 nb to 1150 nb, depending on its quantum numbers. Furthermore, we discuss the importance of ultraperipheral collisions to the search for the scalar and tensor partners of the X(3872) predicted by the diquarkonium model, and not yet observed. The completion of such a flavor-spin multiplet would speak strongly in favor of the compact tetraquark model.

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