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Concept
Table of thermodynamic equations
Summary
Common thermodynamic equations and quantities in thermodynamics, using mathematical notation, are as follows:
List of thermodynamic propertiesThermodynamic potentialFree entropy and Defining equation (physical chemistry)
Many of the definitions below are also used in the thermodynamics of chemical reactions.
Heat capacity and Thermal expansion
Thermal conductivity
The equations in this article are classified by subject.
where kB is the Boltzmann constant, and Ω denotes the volume of macrostate in the phase space or otherwise called thermodynamic probability.
for reversible processes only
Below are useful results from the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution for an ideal gas, and the implications of the Entropy quantity. The distribution is valid for atoms or molecules constituting ideal gases.
Corollaries of the non-relativistic Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution are below.
For quasi-static and reversible processes, the first law of thermodynamics is:
where δQ is the heat supplied to the system and δW is the work done by the system.
Thermodynamic potentials
Maxwell relations
The following energies are called the thermodynamic potentials,
and the corresponding fundamental thermodynamic relations or "master equations" are:
The four most common Maxwell's relations are:
More relations include the following.
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