Turbulence Simulation and Models

This lecture covers the simulation and modeling of turbulence in engineering problems, focusing on tasks such as determining forces like drag and lift, and optimizing geometries. It introduces the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for computer simulations, discussing Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) and the challenges of resolving all dynamically relevant scales. The lecture explores the application of Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, Large Eddy Simulation (LES), and various sub-grid models to tackle the closure problem and accurately represent turbulent dynamics at different spatial scales.