This lecture covers the structure and function of carbohydrates, focusing on monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. It explains the classification of carbohydrates based on the position of the carbonyl group and the length of the carbon chain. The lecture also discusses the synthesis of maltose and sucrose, as well as the differences between structural polysaccharides like cellulose and storage polysaccharides like starch and glycogen.