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This lecture covers the history of microscopy, from light microscopy to the discovery of Green Fluorescent Protein and its applications in cellular imaging. It delves into the principles of light microscopy, modulation transfer function, optical slicing methods, and imaging thick specimens. The instructor discusses the advancements in microscopy techniques such as spinning disk confocal microscopy, multibeam confocal microscopy, and selective plane illumination microscopy. The lecture also explores the concept of expansion microscopy, its technical limitations, and solutions through post-expansion labeling protocols, enabling super-resolution imaging with conventional microscopes.