Molecular Geometry and Hybridization

This lecture covers the geometry of molecules based on the number of bonding pairs and lone pairs of electrons, such as linear, triangular, tetrahedral, bipyramidal, and octahedral. It also explains the concept of hybridization of atomic orbitals to form molecular orbitals, using examples like CH4 and BF3. The lecture further discusses the dipole moment, polarity of molecules, and the influence of hybridization on the properties of compounds. Additionally, it explores the formation of chemical bonds through orbital overlap, focusing on sp, sp2, and sp3 hybridizations in carbon compounds like methane and ethylene. The session concludes with an overview of intermolecular forces, including dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, and hydrogen bonding.