Tomography: Principles and Applications

This lecture covers the principles and applications of tomography, a method used in various fields such as medicine, biology, and materials science, for reconstructing 3D structures from 2D projections. It explains the process of tomographic reconstruction, the historical background, and showcases examples of direct tomography using techniques like FIB Nanotomography. The lecture also delves into advanced topics like HAADF-STEM imaging for materials science, discussing concepts such as z-contrast and high angle incoherent scattering. The instructor emphasizes the importance of non-destructive tomography methods and the role of tomography in advancing scientific research.

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PHYS-405: Experimental methods in physics

The course's objectivs are: Learning several advenced methods in experimental physics, and critical reading of experimental papers.

Physics

Physics is the natural science of matter, involving the study of matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. Physics is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines, with its main goal being to understand how the universe behaves. A scientist who specializes in the field of physics is called a physicist. Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines and, through its inclusion of astronomy, perhaps the oldest.

Diffraction

Diffraction is the interference or bending of waves around the corners of an obstacle or through an aperture into the region of geometrical shadow of the obstacle/aperture. The diffracting object or aperture effectively becomes a secondary source of the propagating wave. Italian scientist Francesco Maria Grimaldi coined the word diffraction and was the first to record accurate observations of the phenomenon in 1660.

Particle physics

Particle physics or high energy physics is the study of fundamental particles and forces that constitute matter and radiation. The fundamental particles in the universe are classified in the Standard Model as fermions (matter particles) and bosons (force-carrying particles). There are three generations of fermions, although ordinary matter is made only from the first fermion generation. The first generation consists of up and down quarks which form protons and neutrons, and electrons and electron neutrinos.

Theoretical physics

Theoretical physics is a branch of physics that employs mathematical models and abstractions of physical objects and systems to rationalize, explain and predict natural phenomena. This is in contrast to experimental physics, which uses experimental tools to probe these phenomena. The advancement of science generally depends on the interplay between experimental studies and theory. In some cases, theoretical physics adheres to standards of mathematical rigour while giving little weight to experiments and observations.

Fresnel diffraction

In optics, the Fresnel diffraction equation for near-field diffraction is an approximation of the Kirchhoff–Fresnel diffraction that can be applied to the propagation of waves in the near field. It is used to calculate the diffraction pattern created by waves passing through an aperture or around an object, when viewed from relatively close to the object. In contrast the diffraction pattern in the far field region is given by the Fraunhofer diffraction equation. The near field can be specified by the Fresnel number, F, of the optical arrangement.

HRTEM: Image Formation PHYS-405: Experimental methods in physics

Explores HRTEM image formation through interference of transmitted and diffracted beams, covering contrast transfer function, aberration correction, and phase retrieval techniques.

Advanced TEM Operation

Covers advanced operation techniques for a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), including setting up the workset and fine-tuning the image.

STEM & EDX

Covers the principles of electron microscopy, STEM, HAADF, EDX microanalysis, and applications in materials science.

Advanced SEM Technologies and Examples MSE-636: Organic semiconductors

Explores advanced SEM technologies, low voltage imaging, high-resolution SEM, and analytical capabilities with practical examples.

Dose Management in Electron Microscopy

Explores the challenges and solutions for managing electron dose in microscopy, emphasizing the importance of accurate dose tracking and analysis.