Oscillatory Activity in Visual Processing

Description

This lecture explores the implementation of visual processing through oscillatory activity, focusing on Granger causal influence, bar touch, fixation, stimuli onset, and frequency changes. It delves into entraining oscillatory activity by transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) to support inter-areal communication and visual awareness. The lecture also covers the effects of bifocal tACS during motion discrimination, including behaviorally disruptive and optimal phase lags. Additionally, it discusses the application of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) to enhance cognitive performance in healthy subjects, such as memorization and arithmetic training. The lecture concludes with a summary of NIBS techniques, including Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) basics and mechanisms, as well as the clinical applications and limitations of NIBS.

Official source

https://mediaspace.epfl.ch/media/0_ljs5t3ld

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Related concepts (32)

Transcranial direct-current stimulation

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a form of neuromodulation that uses constant, low direct current delivered via electrodes on the head. It was originally developed to help patients with brain injuries or neuropsychiatric conditions such as major depressive disorder. It can be contrasted with cranial electrotherapy stimulation, which generally uses alternating current the same way, as well as transcranial magnetic stimulation. Research shows increasing evidence for tDCS as a treatment for depression.

Neurostimulation

Neurostimulation is the purposeful modulation of the nervous system's activity using invasive (e.g. microelectrodes) or non-invasive means (e.g. transcranial magnetic stimulation or transcranial electric stimulation, tES, such as tDCS or transcranial alternating current stimulation, tACS). Neurostimulation usually refers to the electromagnetic approaches to neuromodulation.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive form of brain stimulation in which a changing magnetic field is used to induce an electric current at a specific area of the brain through electromagnetic induction. An electric pulse generator, or stimulator, is connected to a magnetic coil connected to the scalp. The stimulator generates a changing electric current within the coil which creates a varying magnetic field, inducing a current within a region in the brain itself.

Visual perception

Visual perception is the ability to interpret the surrounding environment through photopic vision (daytime vision), color vision, scotopic vision (night vision), and mesopic vision (twilight vision), using light in the visible spectrum reflected by objects in the environment. This is different from visual acuity, which refers to how clearly a person sees (for example "20/20 vision"). A person can have problems with visual perceptual processing even if they have 20/20 vision.

Visual processing

Visual processing is a term that is used to refer to the brain's ability to use and interpret visual information from the world around us. The process of converting light energy into a meaningful image is a complex process that is facilitated by numerous brain structures and higher level cognitive processes. On an anatomical level, light energy first enters the eye through the cornea, where the light is bent. After passing through the cornea, light passes through the pupil and then lens of the eye, where it is bent to a greater degree and focused upon the retina.