This lecture covers the concepts of reachability and controllability in multivariable control systems. Reachability is defined as the ability to reach all states of a system, while controllability refers to the ability to steer the system to a desired state. The lecture discusses reachability tests, proofs, and unreachable systems. It also explores the relationship between controllability and reachability, providing examples and lemmas to illustrate the concepts. The instructor, Giancarlo Ferrari Trecate, delves into the implications of these properties in determining the behavior of linear time-invariant systems.