Catalytic Asymmetric Reactions in Organic Chemistry

This lecture by the instructor covers the principles and applications of catalytic asymmetric reactions in organic chemistry, focusing on ligands, metals, and reaction mechanisms. It includes classical examples, recent developments, and the importance of asymmetric catalysis in pharmaceuticals. The lecture also discusses key parameters for catalysis efficiency and asymmetric induction, as well as different modes of asymmetric induction such as desymmetrization and kinetic resolution. Various examples of asymmetric reactions, including Aldol and Allylation reactions, are presented with detailed mechanisms and catalyst designs. The lecture concludes with a discussion on the classification of catalytic asymmetric reactions based on catalysts, reactions, chiral elements, and catalytic principles.

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Aldol reaction

The aldol reaction (aldol addition) is a reaction that combines two carbonyl compounds (aldehydes or ketones) to form a new β-hydroxy carbonyl compound. These products are known as aldols, from the aldehyde + alcohol, a structural motif seen in many of the products. The use of aldehyde in the name comes from its discovery history, where aldehydes were first used in the reaction and not ketones. Aldol structural units are found in many important molecules, whether naturally occurring or synthetic.

Michael addition reaction

In organic chemistry, the Michael reaction or Michael 1,4 addition is a reaction between a Michael donor (an enolate or other nucleophile) and a Michael acceptor (usually an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl) to produce a Michael adduct by creating a carbon-carbon bond at the acceptor's β-carbon. It belongs to the larger class of conjugate additions and is widely used for the mild formation of carbon-carbon bonds.

Catalysis

Catalysis (kəˈtæləsɪs) is the process of change in rate of a chemical reaction by adding a substance known as a catalyst (ˈkætəlɪst). Catalysts are not consumed by the reaction and remain unchanged after it. If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recycles quickly, very small amounts of catalyst often suffice; mixing, surface area, and temperature are important factors in reaction rate. Catalysts generally react with one or more reactants to form intermediates that subsequently give the final reaction product, in the process of regenerating the catalyst.

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