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Universe and Matter Conjectured as a 3-Dimensional Lattice with Topological Singularities

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Hagedorn transition and chronology protection in string theory

We conjecture chronology is protected in string theory due to the condensation of light winding strings near closed null curves. This condensation triggers a Hagedorn phase transition, whose end-point target space geometry should be chronological. Contrary ...

Elsevier2005

Hexagonal Versus Orthogonal Lattices: A New Comparison Using Approximation Theory

Dimitri Nestor Alice Van De Ville, Thierry Blu

We provide a new comparison between hexagonal and orthogonal lattices, based on approximation theory. For each of the lattices, we select the “natural” spline basis function as generator for a shift-invariant function space; i.e., the tensor-product B-spli ...

IEEE2005

A new technique for imaging mineralized fibrils on bovine trabecular bone fracture surfaces by atomic force microscopy

Georg Fantner

High resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of bovine trabecular bone fracture surfaces reveal individual fibrils coated with extrafibrillar mineral particles. The mineral particles are distinctly different in different regions. In some regions th ...

2005

Brane nucleation as decay of the tachyon false vacuum

It is well known that spherical D-branes are nucleated in the presence of an external RR electric field. Using the description of D-branes as solitons of the tachyon field on non-BPS D-branes, we show that the brane nucleation process can be seen as the de ...

American Physical Soc2005

Cargese lectures on extra-dimensions

Riccardo Rattazzi

I give a pedagogical introduction to the concepts and the tools that are necessary to study particle physics models in higher dimensions. I then give a more detailed presentation of warped compactifications and discuss their possible relevance to the hiera ...

Springer2005

Vacuum decay on a brane world

Sylvain Bréchet

The bubble nucleation rate for a first order phase transition occurring on a brane world is calculated. Both the Coleman-de Luccia thin wall instanton and the Hawking-Moss instanton are considered. The results are compared with the corresponding nucleation ...

American Physical Society2005

Crack-free fully epitaxial nitride microcavity using highly reflective AllnN/GaN Bragg mirrors

Nicolas Grandjean, Jean-François Carlin, Marc Ilegems, Raphaël Butté, Eric Feltin, Julien Dorsaz

We report the growth over 2 in. sapphire substrates of crack-free fully epitaxial nitride-based microcavities using two highly reflective lattice-matched AlInN/GaN distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs). The optical cavity is formed by an empty 3lambda/2 GaN ...

2005

Topological defects and gravity in theories with extra dimensions

Ewald Rössl

Recent proposals of large and infinite extra dimensions triggered a strong research activity in theories in which our universe is considered as a sub-manifold of some higher-dimensional space-time, a so-called 3-brane. In this context, it is generally assu ...

EPFL2004

Geant4—a simulation toolkit

Sebastiana Gianì

Geant4 is a toolkit for simulating the passage of particles through matter. It includes a complete range of functionality including tracking, geometry, physics models and hits. The physics processes offered cover a comprehensive range, including electromag ...

2003

Graviton loops and brane observables

Riccardo Rattazzi, Roberto Contino

We discuss how to consistently perform effective Lagrangian computations in quantum gravity with branes in compact extra dimensions. A reparametrization invariant and infrared finite result is obtained in a non trivial way. It is crucial to properly accoun ...

2001