Situation netteLa situation nette est la partie la plus stable des capitaux propres mesurant un montant des droits à la valeur de l'entreprise des apporteurs de capitaux. La situation nette donne une indication sur la valeur de l'entreprise qui revient de manière stable aux apporteurs de capitaux (actionnaires et associés). Cette donnée, combinée à d'autres modes d'évaluation d'entreprise est utile pour le calcul d'une valeur mathématique lors de mouvements des capitaux propres.
Actif circulantIn accounting, a current asset is any asset which can reasonably be expected to be sold, consumed, or exhausted through the normal operations of a business within the current fiscal year or operating cycle or financial year (whichever period is longer). Typical current assets include cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments which in the ordinary activity are mainly related to non-strategic companies in the process of being sold (usually as a result of private negotiations), accounts receivable, stock inventory, supplies, and the portion of prepaid liabilities (sometimes referred to as prepaid expenses) which will be paid within a year.
International Financial Reporting StandardsLes International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) sont depuis 2005 le référentiel comptable applicable aux sociétés cotées sur un marché européen. D'autres pays ont adopté le référentiel par la suite, tel le Canada dont l'adoption des IFRS est obligatoire pour les sociétés cotées sur des marchés publics depuis 2011. Un référentiel comptable est un ensemble de normes (règles) définissant les méthodes de comptabilisation. Chaque pays a son propre référentiel, qui peut être plus ou moins éloigné des IFRS.
Account (bookkeeping)In bookkeeping, an account refers to assets, liabilities, income, expenses, and equity, as represented by individual ledger pages, to which changes in value are chronologically recorded with debit and credit entries. These entries, referred to as postings, become part of a book of final entry or ledger. Examples of common financial accounts are sales, accountsreceivable, mortgages, loans, PP&E, common stock, sales, services, wages and payroll.
LedgerA ledger is a book or collection of accounts in which accounting transactions are recorded. Each account has: an opening or brought-forward balance; a list of transactions, each recorded as either a debit or credit in separate columns (usually with a counter-entry on another page) and an ending or closing, or carry-forward, balance. The ledger is a permanent summary of all amounts entered in supporting journals (day books) which list individual transactions by date.
Immobilisation (comptabilité)Une immobilisation est un actif d'utilisation durable pour une entité (entreprise, administration, association). Une immobilisation est un élément identifiable du patrimoine (séparable des activités, susceptible d'être transféré et évalué avec une fiabilité satisfaisante) ayant une valeur économique positive pour l’entité et qui sert l'activité de façon durable et ne se consomme pas par le premier usage. C’est un élément créant une ressource pour l’entité et elle en attend des avantages économiques futurs.
Valeur nette comptableIn accounting, book value is the value of an asset according to its balance sheet account balance. For assets, the value is based on the original cost of the asset less any depreciation, amortization or impairment costs made against the asset. Traditionally, a company's book value is its minus intangible assets and liabilities. However, in practice, depending on the source of the calculation, book value may variably include goodwill, intangible assets, or both.
Créance clientAccounts receivable, abbreviated as AR or A/R, are legally enforceable claims for payment held by a business for goods supplied or services rendered that customers have ordered but not paid for. The accounts receivable process involves customer onboarding, invoicing, collections, deductions, exception management, and finally, cash posting after the payment is collected. These are generally in the form of invoices raised by a business and delivered to the customer for payment within an agreed time frame.
Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equivalents (CCE) are the most liquid current assets found on a business's balance sheet. Cash equivalents are short-term commitments "with temporarily idle cash and easily convertible into a known cash amount". An investment normally counts as a cash equivalent when it has a short maturity period of 90 days or less, and can be included in the cash and cash equivalents balance from the date of acquisition when it carries an insignificant risk of changes in the asset value.
Tenue de livrevignette|Portrait de l'Italien Luca Pacioli, peint par Jacopo de' Barbari, 1495, (Museo di Capodimonte). Pacioli est considéré comme le père de la comptabilité. La tenue de livre est l'enregistrement des transactions financières et fait partie du processus connu de comptabilité dans les entreprises et autres organisations. Elle implique la préparation de documents sources et de pièces justificatives pour toutes les transactions, opérations et autres événements qui surviennent dans une entreprise.
