Action en réserveA treasury stock or reacquired stock is stock which is bought back by the issuing company, reducing the amount of outstanding stock on the open market ("open market" including insiders' holdings). Stock repurchases are used as a tax efficient method to put cash into shareholders' hands, rather than paying dividends, in jurisdictions that treat capital gains more favorably. Sometimes, companies repurchase their stock when they feel that it is undervalued on the open market.
Bad debtBad debt, occasionally called uncollectible accounts expense, is a monetary amount owed to a creditor that is unlikely to be paid and for which the creditor is not willing to take action to collect for various reasons, often due to the debtor not having the money to pay, for example due to a company going into liquidation or insolvency. A high bad debt rate is caused when a business is not effective in managing its credit and collections process.
Marge bénéficiaire netteProfit margin is a financial ratio that measures the percentage of profit earned by a company in relation to its revenue. Expressed as a percentage, it indicates how much profit the company makes for every dollar of revenue generated. Profit margin is important because this percentage provides a comprehensive picture of the operating efficiency of a business or an industry. All margin changes provide useful indicators for assessing growth potential, investment viability and the financial stability of a company relative to its competitors.
Debt-to-equity ratioThe debt-to-equity ratio (D/E) is a financial ratio indicating the relative proportion of shareholders' equity and debt used to finance a company's assets. Closely related to leveraging, the ratio is also known as risk, gearing or leverage. The two components are often taken from the firm's balance sheet or statement of financial position (so-called book value), but the ratio may also be calculated using market values for both, if the company's debt and equity are publicly traded, or using a combination of book value for debt and market value for equity financially.
Capital assetA capital asset is defined as property of any kind held by an assessee, whether connected with their business or profession or not connected with their business or profession. It includes all kinds of property, movable or immovable, tangible or intangible, fixed or circulating. Thus, land and building, plant and machinery, motorcar, furniture, jewellery, route permits, goodwill, tenancy rights, patents, trademarks, shares, debentures, securities, units, mutual funds, zero-coupon bonds etc. are capital assets.
Branche d'activitéUne branche d'activité est un ensemble d’unités de production qui ont la même activité de production (on parle d’unités de production homogènes). Dans ce cadre, les unités de productions sont classées en fonction du bien ou service qu'elles produisent. Les branches d'activités sont listées dans les nomenclatures d'activité économique. Comptabilité nationale Secteur économique Profession Unité économique En France Définition sur le site de l'Insee Statistiques par branches (valeur ajoutée, emploi, prix, etc.
Principes comptables françaisLes principes comptables français sont les objectifs, hypothèses, contraintes, règles qui gouvernent la comptabilité. Ensemble, ils forment le référentiel comptable (cadre conceptuel), c'est-à-dire le socle de fondements à la base de tous travaux comptables. La comptabilité générale doit fournir à ses différents utilisateurs (actionnaires, salariés, partenaires, administration fiscale, etc.) une information fiable du point de vue économique.
AffacturageL'affacturage (factoring en anglais) est une technique de financement et de recouvrement de créances mise en œuvre par les entreprises et consistant à obtenir un financement anticipé et à sous-traiter cette gestion à un établissement de crédit spécialisé : l'affactureur ou, en anglais, le factor. Longtemps considéré comme le dernier recours de sociétés en difficultés financières, l'affacturage est aujourd'hui un outil souple au service des entreprises.
Flux de trésorerieEn finance d'entreprise, les flux de trésorerie (en anglais, cash flow) sont tous les mouvements de liquidités entrants ou sortants, que connaît une entreprise au cours d'une période spécifique. Ils permettent de construire directement les tableaux de trésorerie (comme ceux préconisés par l'ordre des experts-comptables), contrairement à la capacité d'autofinancement ou le besoin en fonds de roulement (BFR) qui sont constitués à partir de flux ne tenant pas compte des décalages de trésorerie (mais plus simples à calculer).
Overhead (business)In business, overhead or overhead expense refers to an ongoing expense of operating a business. Overheads are the expenditure which cannot be conveniently traced to or identified with any particular revenue unit, unlike operating expenses such as raw material and labor. Therefore, overheads cannot be immediately associated with the products or services being offered, thus do not directly generate profits. However, overheads are still vital to business operations as they provide critical support for the business to carry out profit making activities.
