Contrôle frontalierUn contrôle frontalier, ou contrôle douanier, est une mesure prise par un pays dans le but de sécuriser ou réguler ses frontières. Les contrôles frontaliers sont mis en place pour contrôler les allers et retours d'objets ou animaux appartenant aux voyageurs. Des agences gouvernementales spécialisées occupent habituellement cette fonction. De telles agences s'occupent de fonctions variées comme l'immigration, la sécurité et la mise en quarantaine, entre autres. Les contrôles frontaliers ont été mis en place après la Première Guerre mondiale.
Passeport britanniqueLe passeport britannique (British passport) est un document de voyage international délivré aux ressortissants britanniques, aux sujets britanniques et aux personnes venant d'un ancien protectorat britannique. La couverture du passeport porte les armoiries royales du Royaume-Uni. La première page comporte à nouveau une représentation des armoiries ainsi que la phrase suivante en anglais : . La page d'identité (ainsi que certaines autres pages) est bilingue, en anglais et en français. centre|vignette|upright=3.
Financial distressFinancial distress is a term in corporate finance used to indicate a condition when promises to creditors of a company are broken or honored with difficulty. If financial distress cannot be relieved, it can lead to bankruptcy. Financial distress is usually associated with some costs to the company; these are known as costs of financial distress. A common example of a cost of financial distress is bankruptcy costs. These direct costs include auditors' fees, legal fees, management fees and other payments.
Trial by JuryTrial by Jury is a comic opera in one act, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert. It was first produced on 25 March 1875, at London's Royalty Theatre, where it initially ran for 131 performances and was considered a hit, receiving critical praise and outrunning its popular companion piece, Jacques Offenbach's La Périchole. The story concerns a "breach of promise of marriage" lawsuit in which the judge and legal system are the objects of lighthearted satire.
Jury selectionJury selection is the selection of the people who will serve on a jury during a jury trial. The group of potential jurors (the "jury pool,” also known as the venire) is first selected from among the community using a reasonably random method. Jury lists are compiled from voter registrations and driver license or ID renewals. From those lists, summonses are mailed. A panel of jurors is then assigned to a courtroom. The prospective jurors are randomly selected to sit in the jury box.
Divine lawDivine law is any body of law that is perceived as deriving from a transcendent source, such as the will of God or gods - in contrast to man-made law or to secular law. According to Angelos Chaniotis and Rudolph F. Peters, divine laws are typically perceived as superior to man-made laws, sometimes due to an assumption that their source has resources beyond human knowledge and human reason. Believers in divine laws might accord them greater authority than other laws, for example by assuming that divine law cannot be changed by human authorities.
Procédure accusatoire et contradictoireLa procédure accusatoire et contradictoire est un système de justice dont les règles de procédures reposent sur les parties au litige. Ainsi, les avocats des parties plaignante et défenderesse sont responsables de présenter leur version des faits et de convaincre le juge ou le jury de la justesse de leur cause. Chaque procès est dirigé par un juge dont le rôle d'arbitrage le contraint à l'impartialité, à la différence d'une procédure inquisitoire pour laquelle le rôle du juge est très actif.
Personal injuryPersonal injury is a legal term for an injury to the body, mind, or emotions, as opposed to an injury to property. In common law jurisdictions the term is most commonly used to refer to a type of tort lawsuit in which the person bringing the suit (the "claimant" in English Law or "plaintiff" in American jurisdictions) has suffered harm to his or her body or mind. Personal injury lawsuits are filed against the person or entity that caused the harm through negligence, gross negligence, reckless conduct, or intentional misconduct, and in some cases on the basis of strict liability.
Statutory lawStatutory law or statute law is written law passed by a body of legislature. This is opposed to oral or customary law; or regulatory law promulgated by the executive or common law of the judiciary. Statutes may originate with national, state legislatures or local municipalities. Codification (law) The term codified law refers to statutes that have been organized ("codified") by subject matter; in this narrower sense, some but not all statutes are considered "codified.
Prescription (droit)En droit, désigne deux éléments : un ensemble de règles et de conseils formalisé par écrit réglementant officiellement une activité, généralement professionnelle ; le mode d'acquisition d'un droit, ou d'extinction d'un droit ou des possibilités de poursuites, par l'écoulement d'une certaine durée. Toute possibilité de réclamer un droit en justice s'éteint au bout d'une durée de temps appelée prescription. Ce délai maximum est en général de trente ans, il peut être réduit par les lois selon les matières et les situations.
