Ion-mobility spectrometry–mass spectrometryIon mobility spectrometry–mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) is an analytical chemistry method that separates gas phase ions based on their interaction with a collision gas and their masses. In the first step, the ions are separated according to their mobility through a buffer gas on a millisecond timescale using an ion mobility spectrometer. The separated ions are then introduced into a mass analyzer in a second step where their mass-to-charge ratios can be determined on a microsecond timescale.
DerivatizationDerivatization is a technique used in chemistry which converts a chemical compound into a product (the reaction's derivate) of similar chemical structure, called a derivative. Generally, a specific functional group of the compound participates in the derivatization reaction and transforms the educt to a derivate of deviating reactivity, solubility, boiling point, melting point, aggregate state, or chemical composition. Resulting new chemical properties can be used for quantification or separation of the educt.
Ion trapAn ion trap is a combination of electric and/or magnetic fields used to capture charged particles — known as ions — often in a system isolated from an external environment. Atomic and molecular ion traps have a number of applications in physics and chemistry such as precision mass spectrometry, improved atomic frequency standards, and quantum computing. In comparison to neutral atom traps, ion traps have deeper trapping potentials (up to several electronvolts) that do not depend on the internal electronic structure of a trapped ion.
Salle d'opérationsvignette|Abris modulaires de poste de commandement de l'armée française. Dans le vocable militaire, une salle d'opérations, également appelée poste de commandement (PC), est constituée dans le but d'assurer la coordination des actions sur le plan stratégique le plus haut de groupes d'armées de taille importante. La manière clausewitzienne de mener les grandes batailles, valable jusqu'au , est dépassée au par l'apparition globalisée de la guerre mondiale.
Capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometryCapillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (CE–MS) is an analytical chemistry technique formed by the combination of the liquid separation process of capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry. CE–MS combines advantages of both CE and MS to provide high separation efficiency and molecular mass information in a single analysis. It has high resolving power and sensitivity, requires minimal volume (several nanoliters) and can analyze at high speed.
Resolution (mass spectrometry)In mass spectrometry, resolution is a measure of the ability to distinguish two peaks of slightly different mass-to-charge ratios ΔM, in a mass spectrum. There are two different definitions of resolution and resolving power in mass spectrometry. The IUPAC definition for resolution in mass spectrometry is Where a larger resolution indicates a better separation of peaks. This definition is used in a number of mass spectrometry texts. This use is also implied by the term "high-resolution mass spectrometry.
Selected reaction monitoringSelected reaction monitoring (SRM), also called Multiple reaction monitoring, (MRM), is a method used in tandem mass spectrometry in which an ion of a particular mass is selected in the first stage of a tandem mass spectrometer and an ion product of a fragmentation reaction of the precursor ions is selected in the second mass spectrometer stage for detection. A general case of SRM can be represented by where the precursor ion ABCD+ is selected by the first stage of mass spectrometry (MS1), dissociates into molecule AB and product ion CD+, and the latter is selected by the second stage of mass spectrometry (MS2) and detected.
ElectrosprayThe name electrospray is used for an apparatus that employs electricity to disperse a liquid or for the fine aerosol resulting from this process. High voltage is applied to a liquid supplied through an emitter (usually a glass or metallic capillary). Ideally the liquid reaching the emitter tip forms a Taylor cone, which emits a liquid jet through its apex. Varicose waves on the surface of the jet lead to the formation of small and highly charged liquid droplets, which are radially dispersed due to Coulomb repulsion.
Cytométrievignette|Les cytomètres sont des instruments qui permettent de compter les cellules sanguines dans un test de sang La cytométrie est la mesure des caractéristiques des cellules. Les variables qui peuvent être mesurées par des méthodes cytométriques comprennent la taille des cellules, le nombre de cellules, la morphologie des cellules (forme et structure), la phase du cycle cellulaire, l'ADN contenu et l'existence ou l'absence de certaines protéines sur la surface de la cellule ou dans le cytoplasme.
Électrode au calomel saturéeL'électrode au calomel saturée (ECS), ou plus précisément l'électrode au calomel saturée en chlorure de potassium, est une électrode de référence très utilisée en pratique. L'électrode au calomel saturée en chlorure de potassium (KCl) est composée de mercure métallique (Hg) en contact avec du calomel lui-même en équilibre avec une solution de KCl saturée. On peut en déterminer le potentiel grâce à un fil de platine plongeant dans le mercure. Elle est symbolisée par (solution KCl saturée).
