Electron electric dipole momentThe electron electric dipole moment de is an intrinsic property of an electron such that the potential energy is linearly related to the strength of the electric field: The electron's electric dipole moment (EDM) must be collinear with the direction of the electron's magnetic moment (spin). Within the Standard Model of elementary particle physics, such a dipole is predicted to be non-zero but very small, at most 10−38 e⋅cm, where e stands for the elementary charge.
Inverse beta decayInverse beta decay, commonly abbreviated to IBD, is a nuclear reaction involving an electron antineutrino scattering off a proton, creating a positron and a neutron. This process is commonly used in the detection of electron antineutrinos in neutrino detectors, such as the first detection of antineutrinos in the Cowan–Reines neutrino experiment, or in neutrino experiments such as KamLAND and Borexino. It is an essential process to experiments involving low-energy neutrinos (< 60 MeV) such as those studying neutrino oscillation, reactor neutrinos, sterile neutrinos, and geoneutrinos.
Potentiel de YukawaUn potentiel de Yukawa (appelé également 'potentiel de Coulomb écranté') est un potentiel de la forme Hideki Yukawa montra dans les années 1930 qu'un tel potentiel provient de l'échange d'un champ scalaire massif tel que celui d'un pion de masse . La particule médiatrice du champ possédant une masse, la force correspondante a une portée inversement proportionnelle à sa masse. Pour une masse nulle, le potentiel de Yukawa devient équivalent à un potentiel coulombien, et sa portée est considérée comme infinie.
R-parityR-parity is a concept in particle physics. In the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model, baryon number and lepton number are no longer conserved by all of the renormalizable couplings in the theory. Since baryon number and lepton number conservation have been tested very precisely, these couplings need to be very small in order not to be in conflict with experimental data. R-parity is a symmetry acting on the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) fields that forbids these couplings and can be defined as or, equivalently, as where s is spin, B is baryon number, and L is lepton number.
Quantum hadrodynamicsQuantum hadrodynamics is an effective field theory pertaining to interactions between hadrons, that is, hadron-hadron interactions or the inter-hadron force. It is "a framework for describing the nuclear many-body problem as a relativistic system of baryons and mesons". Quantum hadrodynamics is closely related and partly derived from quantum chromodynamics, which is the theory of interactions between quarks and gluons that bind them together to form hadrons, via the strong force.
Désintégration du neutron libreÀ l’interface entre la physique nucléaire et la physique des particules, la désintégration du neutron libre est un processus faisant intervenir l’interaction faible, au cours duquel un neutron libre (non lié à d’autres nucléons) se désintègre spontanément en un proton, un électron et un antineutrino électronique. La mesure précise de cette désintégration est fondamentale pour les théories décrivant la nucléosynthèse primordiale, qui s’est déroulée juste après le Big Bang.
BeamlineIn accelerator physics, a beamline refers to the trajectory of the beam of particles, including the overall construction of the path segment (guide tubes, diagnostic devices) along a specific path of an accelerator facility. This part is either the line in a linear accelerator along which a beam of particles travels, or the path leading from particle generator (e.g. a cyclic accelerator, synchrotron light sources, cyclotrons, or spallation sources) to the experimental end-station.
Cyclotron resonanceCyclotron resonance describes the interaction of external forces with charged particles experiencing a magnetic field, thus already moving on a circular path. It is named after the cyclotron, a cyclic particle accelerator that utilizes an oscillating electric field tuned to this resonance to add kinetic energy to charged particles. The cyclotron frequency or gyrofrequency is the frequency of a charged particle moving perpendicular to the direction of a uniform magnetic field B (constant magnitude and direction).
Atome exotiqueUn atome exotique se représente comme un atome « normal » dans lequel au moins une particule subatomique a été remplacée par une autre particule de même charge électrique : par exemple un pion négatif π− ou un muon à la place d'un électron. De telles configurations sont très instables, de sorte que ces atomes exotiques n'ont qu'une durée de vie très brève. Un atome muonique résulte du remplacement d'un électron par un muon, qui est un lepton comme l'électron.
Muon g-2Muon g − 2 (pronounced "gee minus two") is a particle physics experiment at Fermilab to measure the anomalous magnetic dipole moment of a muon to a precision of 0.14 ppm, which is a sensitive test of the Standard Model. It might also provide evidence of the existence of new particles. The muon, like its lighter sibling the electron, acts like a tiny magnet. The parameter known as the "g factor" indicates how strong the magnet is and the rate of its gyration in an externally applied magnetic field.
