Concept

Abu Bakar of Johor

Résumé
Sultan Sir Abu Bakar Al-Khalil Ibrahim Shah ibni Almarhum Temenggong Seri Maharaja Tun Daeng Ibrahim (Jawi: المرحوم سلطان سر ابو بكر الخليل إبراهيم شاه ابن المرحوم تمڠڬوڠ تون داءيڠ إبراهيم سري مهاراج جوهر; 3 February 1833 – 4 June 1895) was the Temenggong of Johor. He was the 1st Sultan of Modern Johor, the 21st Sultan of Johor and the first Maharaja of Johor from the House of Temenggong. He was also informally known as "The Father of Modern Johor", as many historians accredited Johor's development in the 19th century to Abu Bakar's leadership. He initiated policies and provided aids to ethnic Chinese entrepreneurs to stimulate the development of the state's agricultural economy which was founded by Chinese migrants from Southern China in the 1840s. He also took charge of the development of Johor's infrastructure, administrative system, military and civil service, all of which were modelled closely along Western lines. Abu Bakar was noted for his diplomatic skills, and both the British and Malay rulers had approached him for advice in making important decisions. He was also an avid traveller, and became the first Malay ruler to travel to Europe during his first visit to England in 1866. In particular, Abu Bakar became a lifetime friend of Queen Victoria in his later years. Abu Bakar's friendship with Queen Victoria played an important role in shaping Johor's relationships with Britain, and was the only state by the end of the 19th century in the Peninsular Malaya to maintain autonomy in its internal affairs as the British Colonial Government pushed for greater control over the Malay states by placing a British Resident in the states. He was also an Anglophile, and many of his personal habits and decisions were aligned to European ideas and tastes. Abu Bakar became the sovereign ruler of Johor when his father, Temenggong Daeng Ibrahim died in 1862. Six years later, Abu Bakar changed his legal state title of "Temenggong" to "Maharaja".
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Concepts associés (2)
Johor
Johor, anciennement Johore pour les Britanniques (Jawi :جوهور), est un État du sud de la Malaisie. Sa capitale est Johor Bahru, autrefois Tanjung Puteri. Le titre honorifique de l'État est Darul Ta'azim. En 1511, une flotte portugaise, partie de Goa en Inde sous le commandement du vice-roi Afonso de Albuquerque, s'empare de Malacca. Le sultan Mahmud déplace sa cour dans plusieurs lieux de la péninsule Malaise, puis dans l'île de Bintan dans les îles Riau, pour finalement fonder Johor à la pointe sud en 1518.
Riau
Riau (prononcer « riao ») est une province d'Indonésie située dans la partie centrale de l'est de l'île de Sumatra. En 2002, ses et îlots en ont été séparés pour former la nouvelle province des îles Riau. La province est traversée par l'équateur (un tiers de Riau au sud de l'équateur, deux tiers au nord). Elle est bordée à l'ouest par la province du Sumatra du Nord, au sud par les provinces du Sumatra occidental et Jambi, à l'est par la mer de Java et au nord par le détroit de Malacca. Sa capitale est Pekanbaru.