Wild fisheriesA wild fishery is a natural body of water with a sizeable free-ranging fish or other aquatic animal (crustaceans and molluscs) population that can be harvested for its commercial value. Wild fisheries can be marine (saltwater) or lacustrine/riverine (freshwater), and rely heavily on the carrying capacity of the local aquatic ecosystem. Wild fisheries are sometimes called capture fisheries. The aquatic life they support is not artificially controlled in any meaningful way and needs to be "captured" or fished.
Marine conservationMarine conservation, also known as ocean conservation, is the protection and preservation of ecosystems in oceans and seas through planned management in order to prevent the over-exploitation of these marine resources. Marine conservation is informed by the study of marine plants and animal resources and ecosystem functions and is driven by response to the manifested negative effects seen in the environment such as species loss, habitat degradation and changes in ecosystem functions and focuses on limiting human-caused damage to marine ecosystems, restoring damaged marine ecosystems, and preserving vulnerable species and ecosystems of the marine life.
Fishing down the food webFishing down the food web is the process whereby fisheries in a given ecosystem, "having depleted the large predatory fish on top of the food web, turn to increasingly smaller species, finally ending up with previously spurned small fish and invertebrates". The process was first demonstrated by the fisheries scientist Daniel Pauly and others in an article published in the journal Science in 1998. Large predator fish with higher trophic levels have been depleted in wild fisheries.
No-killLe no-kill (« pas de mise à mort ») est une pratique développée par les pêcheurs sportifs américains au cours du d'abord avec les salmonidés, puis avec d'autres espèces. Elle est de plus en plus utilisée en Europe, notamment dans les zones polluées où la consommation des poissons est interdite ou déconseillée. Mais cette pratique tue néanmoins beaucoup de poissons. Selon les estimations en provenance du Québec, la pratique consistant à attraper et relâcher les poissons tue jusqu’à 50% des poissons relâchés qui meurent en raison de leurs blessures et de la manipulation.
Fishing industryThe fishing industry includes any industry or activity concerned with taking, culturing, processing, preserving, storing, transporting, marketing or selling fish or fish products. It is defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization as including recreational, subsistence and commercial fishing, as well as the related harvesting, processing, and marketing sectors. The commercial activity is aimed at the delivery of fish and other seafood products for human consumption or as input factors in other industrial processes.
Pêche (halieutique)vignette|upright=1.0|Matériel traditionnel européen et produit de la pêche en eau douce, peints par Johannes Fabritius. La pêche est l'activité consistant à capturer des animaux aquatiques (poissons, crustacés, céphalopodes) dans leur biotope (océans, mers, cours d'eau, étangs, lacs, mares). Elle est pratiquée par les pêcheurs, comme loisir (pêche récréative ou pêche sportive), profession (pêche commerciale) ou pour assurer une autosuffisance alimentaire (pêche de subsistance).
Dynamique et gestion des pêcheriesUne pêcherie désigne une zone marine dont les ressources halieutiques sont exploitées par un groupe de pêcheurs. La dynamique des pêcheries, à l'image de la dynamique des populations, résulte d'un ensemble de variations qui interviennent au sein d'un écosystème (taux de natalité et de mortalité, flux de migration) et tient compte des différentes contraintes appliquées par une pêcherie.
Population dynamics of fisheriesA fishery is an area with an associated fish or aquatic population which is harvested for its commercial or recreational value. Fisheries can be wild or farmed. Population dynamics describes the ways in which a given population grows and shrinks over time, as controlled by birth, death, and migration. It is the basis for understanding changing fishery patterns and issues such as habitat destruction, predation and optimal harvesting rates. The population dynamics of fisheries is used by fisheries scientists to determine sustainable yields.
